The Spanish Inquisition Officially Started In The Mid- To Essays

The Spanish Inquisition formally began in the mid-to late-fourteen hundreds. The Spanish Inquisition was a nation wide abuse of Jews for which there are a few distinct reasons as to why it started. The real explanation, or reasons, that persuaded the Lord and Queen are not known as of now, and may never be known for sure. Contingent upon whom you solicit, there are various reasons of that shift in significance for the beginning of the Spanish Inquisition. Most students of history appear to pressure three significant reasons which are: Politics, Financial matters, and Religion. My own assessment with regards to which of these reasons is right is that it was a mix of Religious and Economic reasons. This idea will be developed sometime in the not too distant future. Religion was one of the most dominating reasons given for the beginning of the Spanish Inquisition. The Jews and Christians as of now detested each other preceding the beginning of the Inquisition : It is inescapable that there has been contradiction between Jews and Christians: The Christians despising the Jews by virtue of the Execution; the Jews derisive of an organization which had taken their Religion and joined another one on it. The Christians were irate in light of the fact that the Jews killed Christ. The Jews were irate on the grounds that the Christians took their religion, changed a few thoughts and standards, and called the result Christianity. The Jews furthermore, Christians were never neighborly after the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ, and this was only the peak of their despise for one another. Notwithstanding, the Christians were the ones that were in the situation to get vengeance, and they did, by abusing the Jews to a dangerous degree, furthermore, considering it the Inquisition. The individuals who did the oppressing and the murdering of the Jews were called Inquisitors. These individuals wouldn't fret doing the murdering or tormenting. Some idea that the Jews were causing infections and the Dark Plague. Others imagined that what they were doing was Gods work: It has been said that the radicals of the Inquisition, even in their most noteworthy mercilessness, trusted themselves to be legitimized in what they did. We are approached to acknowledge as a reality that they were profoundly strict men who genuinely and earnestly accepted that they were serving God in what they did. We are informed that they trusted Jews were bound for punishment, and that it was their obligation to spare them from that regardless of what torment they dispensed on the assortments of the Jews here on Earth. The Inquisitors accepted that they were sparing the Jews for a terrible destiny in the Underworld. They accepted that since the Jews were passing on because of one of Gods kids who was a devotee of God, that they would get the Wisdom and information on this individual, and in this way go to paradise. Albeit now, this may limitless, at the hour of the Inquisition, the Inquisitors were not instructed in any way other than a strict one, and had become profoundly strict people. This additional up to what we would now call dazzle confidence. This implies putting stock in something for reasons unknown other than strict custom or custom. The Government and its strict authorities needed to keep up Limpeza de Sangre or Purity of Blood. They needed to have an unadulterated and brought together Spanish-Christian race and network, and so as to do as such, they founit important to forestall any more intermarriage between Christians and conversos or Jews that would wreck the chance of Limpieza de Sangre. They saw that the main method of ahieving this objective through the Inquisition. They would murder or drive out the entirety of the Jews from Spain, and accordingly accomplish Limpieza de Sangre, or so they thought. The murdered numerous Jews, however after the 300 and fifty year time of the Inquisitionwas over, a large number of rehearsing Jews were all the while living in Spain. Beside strict reasons, there were additionally some solid political explanations behind the Spanish Inquisition. The primary political explanation behind the Spanish Inquisition was that there was a danger to the government. The Christians of Spain, who at the time were the greater part, were offended at the Jews for some reasons, some which allude back to the strict reasons. The Monarchs of Spain, King Ferdinand and Sovereign Isabella, started to understand that if the strain of the residents expanded somewhat more, uproars and mass slaughtering would break out, potentially prompting a strict common war. The strategy they used to control the residents was the Spanish Inquisition. Utilizing the Investigation, they had the option to alleviate and quiet most of the Spanish residents. At the equivalent

The Role Ofreligion And Morality In Cats Cradle Essays -

The Role Ofreligion And Morality In Cat's Cradle As a creator, Kurt Vonnegut has gotten pretty much every sort of applause a creator can get: his works held a similar influence over American way of thinking as did those of Jack Kerouac or J.R.R. Tolkein; his composing has gotten approval from scholastics and the majority the same; and three of his books have been made into highlight films. Society has for all time and recognizably been adjusted by his composition. Through open language and handily got subjects, Vonnegut has made works unpretentious, charming, and recognizable. His principle technique for doing this is by misusing a topic with which everybody is natural and about which everybody has his own sentiment: religion. Relatively few individuals are more able to investigate this subject than Vonnegut. He was conceived in 1922 on Armistice Day (November 11), an occasion praising harmony, in Indianapolis. His family was modestly affluent until the beginning of the Great Depression, when they lost everything. In 1944, Vonnegut's mom ended it all by overdosing on dozing pills. Before long a short time later, he joined the military and battled in the Second World War. Vonnegut was caught as a POW and kept detainee in Dresden. Not long after his catch, Dresden, a totally regular citizen town, was shelled intensely. Vonnegut endure the shelling, got back home, and turned into an author. His first book, Player Piano, got next to no notification at the time it was composed, 1952. At the point when he distributed Sirens of Titan in 1959, it likewise was to a great extent overlooked. In 1969, Vonnegut distributed Slaughterhouse Five, which was a prompt business and scholastic achievement. Slaughterhouse Five' s prosperity focused on his different works, and however Vonnegut was not as mainstream after the ?60's, he kept on distributing fruitful books (http://www.duke.edu/~crh4/vonnegut/). Vonnegut's works have been delegated ?sci-fi?, yet that barely does them equity. His works are fundamentally affected by that class, yet contain strikingly important editorials about contemporary American culture which set him apart from other sci-fi journalists. His utilization of sci-fi draws an amusing complexity between the exceptionally significant centrality of the idea of the universe and of the real world, and the irrelevance of human life and society. The entirety of his works underscore the tremendous powers following up on his characters, not the least of which is destiny. As his composing advanced and developed, this complex subtlety turned out to be increasingly clear. In his book Slaughterhouse Five, Vonnegut portrays his own style by methods for Tralfamadorians, an outsider race for whom time is nonexistent, and whose writing mirrors this: Each cluster of images is a concise, dire message portraying a circumstance, a scene. We Tralfamadorians read them at the same time, not one after the oth- er. There isn't a specific connection between all the messages ex- cept that the creator has picked them cautiously, so that, when seen all at once, they produce a picture of life that is excellent and amazing and profound. There is no start, no center, no closure, no anticipation, no good, no causes, no impacts. What we love in our books are the profundities of numerous radiant minutes seen all at once (88). For sure, Vonnegut has excused transient progression in his composition, and has hence killed anticipation. Characters are frequently mindful of their own inescapable predetermination, as in The Sirens of Titan, and are powerless to prevent it from happening. Vonnegut clarifies that cutting edge society is a lot of like this - individuals can see where they're going, however are excessively frail or impassive to forestall it. In his book Cat's Cradle, Vonnegut ridicules individuals' careless, passionless acknowledgment of their destinies by depicting a circumstance in which unfathomably incredible powers hurl around individuals edgy to get away from them. He presents ?human progress' endeavor to end it all (Hocus Pocus, 72)?, the nuclear bomb dropped at Hiroshima, and parts of the bargains the entirety of the water on earth freezing as the consequence of a substance called ?ice-nine?, and in this manner development effectively ending it all. Unexpectedly, the man who made the nuclear bomb additionally made ice-nine, a man not insidiously abhorrent, however simply oblivious. In this, Vonnegut depicts not just the stunning impact the powers of the universe have on us, yet in addition the impact a chosen few of us have on the powers of the universe. In Cat's Cradle, Vonnegut depicts an incredibly

Council Bluffs

Council Bluffs Council Bluffs, city (1990 pop. 54,315), seat of Pottawattamie co., SW Iowa, on and below bluffs overlooking the Missouri River, opposite Omaha, Nebr.; inc. 1853. It was first settled by whites when the Mormons came in 1846 and dubbed the site Kanesville; when they left in 1852, the settlement was renamed Council Bluffs. An important supply point during the gold rush (1849â€"50), Council Bluffs was made the eastern terminus of the Union Pacific RR in 1863. The city has become an important trade and industrial center for a large agricultural area; casino gambling is also economically important. It has grain elevators, and manufactures include processed foods, metal and wood products, farm equipment, chemicals, and furniture. Among the points of interest in the city are Dodge House, the former home of Gen. G. M. Dodge , founder of the Union Pacific RR; the Lewis and Clark Monument; and the Lincoln Monument, built in honor of Abraham Lincoln's visit to Council Bluffs. Lake Manawa Stat e Park lies within the city limits. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

The Problems Of Nigeria Police Essay - 1267 Words

The problems United States are facing; Nigeria police are dealing with the same problems too. According to Dada (2014) â€Å"The problems facing the Nigeria police are enormous. Principal among these are: corruption, brutality and poor relationships with the community. Other problems are due to poor management and include: poor recruitment practices, a lack of good training and police skills acquisition programmers, a poor working environment, poor equipment and facilities, and a poor welfare package for officers. All these problems constitute a big challenge to effective and reliable policing in Nigeria† (Dada, 2014). The challenges that Nigeria police faced were enormous, but the way they fixed their problems to me was outstanding. The way they ensured good police and community relation were to â€Å"advocate human resources development for the police and the total democratization of the Nigeria police, away from the old colonial and paramilitary style. Recommendations in t his area also include: the establishment of oversight and evaluation mechanisms, building public awareness on this and training all officers in community policing† (Dada, 2014). In the United States, according to Staples, â€Å"almost no cops are brought to trial for murdering a black or Latino male. A largely white jury, no matter what the evidence, rarely convicts the few brought to trial† (Staples, R. 2011). What if those police officers had worn a bodyShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Security Challenges in the Northern Region of Nigeria Ethnic1001 Words   |  5 Pagesrule in 1999, Nigeria has witnessed the relative deterioration of its internal security. This is worrisome because internal security crisis is inherent with tendencies that threaten national unity and the peace of the state. This research attempts a critical analysis of the causative of the relative insecurity in Nigeria in relation to the problem of policing in Jos which is located in the northern region of Nigeria. The work is aimed at taking an indebt look into the Nigeria police force, whichRead MoreBoko Haram Is The Most Powerful Group1468 Words   |  6 Pagesof boarding school girls from the village of Chibok in the north-eastern part of Nigeria falls into an arrangement of shocking terror unbridled by Boko Haram. Nigeria has always been at the heart of security threatening challenges, but Boko Haram is the most powerful group as of yet. Boko Haram has claimed responsibility for many bombings and other terrorist activities north and central Nigeria, thus placing Nigeria on the verge of dissolution. Till date, terror caused by Boko Hara has resulted inRead MoreNigeri A Long, Complicated And Tragic History1703 Words   |  7 PagesNigeria is known for having a long, complicated and tragic history. Since achieving independence in 1960, Nigeria has struggled to stabilize its government. Nigeria’s history is studded with military coups and corruption. The rule of numerous coups, which have occurred relatively close together over a span of about twenty nine years, make it extremely difficult for a stable form of democratic government to be created. Instead of a true democracy, Nigeria suffers under a kleptocratic government. Nigeria’sRead MoreThe Federal Republic of Nigeria Essay examples1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe Federal Republic of Nigeria Located in the west of Africa, housing a city with major attractions in the country as the Nigerian National Mosque and the Nigerian National Christian Centre, it is safe to say that Nigeria has a prosperous ethnic diversity housing 250 ethnic groups of which there three in 250 ethnic groups are predominant which are the Hausa, Yoruba and the Igbo. 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To find the root causes of insecurity, one must look at society as a whole, and in Nigeria it is not necessary to dig very deep: increases in unemployment, poverty, and inequality haveRead MoreYouth Unemployment in Nigeria1200 Words   |  5 PagesYouth Unemployment in Nigeria INTRODUCTION Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the eighth most populous country in the world with a population of 154, 729,000 citizens. Our nominal GDP is $207. 116 billion and we have a nominal per capita income of $1, 4011. Nigeria also has the second largest economy in Africa. If I may ask, is this country not blessed? Yet, it is still plagued by youth unemployment which had been one of our major problems in recent years. Both government andRead MoreJonathan s Record On Corruption Is A Disgrace Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesRemi Adekoya argues that ‘Jonathan s record on corruption is a disgrace’. To buttress this, a recent report from Human Rights Watch states that ‘endemic public sector corruption continued to undermine the enjoyment of social and economic rights in Nigeria’. Former President Jonathan did not deny that his administration was undermined by systemic grand corruption as he has constantly referred to it as ‘common stealingâ₠¬â„¢. He has been accused by even his political allies of only paying lip service whileRead MoreBoko Haram Is A Radical Sunni Islamic Gathering1541 Words   |  7 PagesHaram hopes to construct an Islamic state in Nigeria, including the establishment of Sharia courts. Regardless, the gathering is uncommonly decentralized and not all individuals from the association basically take after Salafi regulation, with various individuals being poor, uneducated youth. Some case to be a bit of a Shiite Muslim bundle and to have arranged in Iran, while others were as far as anyone knows included in distinctive conflicts in Nigeria and the Sahel. While at first tranquil and

The Nature Of Love By Harry Harlow - 1619 Words

Harry Harlow was labeled as a man with a desire for learning about what he presumed love to be and consequently, dedicated his later career to the subject. Life presented him with ups and downs yet, he pursued his research with a vigor. He developed notions about the concepts of affection in contrast to bodily needs and what could possibly derive from one not receiving love. This guided him to establish observational research methods to study his ideas via the use of infant primates which, yielded both positive and negative outcomes. Harlow’s article titled, The Nature of Love, relayed his explorations and discoveries, along with his future ideas. Harlow supposedly had a quiet and uneventful childhood, and his exhibited traits of big ambitions eventually led him to earn a Ph.D. from Stanford University. With respect to his personal life, Harlow’s initial marriage ended when his wife left him due to his extreme dedication towards work, and his second wife passed awa y from cancer. Professionally, Harlow’s career took place when behaviorism ruled the psychological field, and it was his controversial work that made him well-known amongst his community. He was not intimidated by the status quo and thus, conducted experiments with primates to study the unchartered territory of affection. However, after the death of his second wife, Harlow had become distraught and depressed. His career started to falter, and he eventually retired in 1973 (Harry Harlow, 2014). HarlowShow MoreRelatedHarlow‚Äà ´s Theory: Love1451 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Harlow’s Theory: Motherly love Jose Hernandez Instructor: Mrs. Martinez, M, A El Paso Community College Harlow’s Theory: Love The feeling of love is, deep, soft, satisfying. Because of its affectionate and intimate nature it is viewed by some as an inapplicable topic for experimental research. But, whatever our own perception may be, our assigned mission as psychologists is to analyze all facets of human and animal behavior into their component variablesRead MoreHarry Harlow : An American Psychologist Who Studied Monkeys And Their Behavior1243 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Harry Harlow (1905-1981) was an American Psychologist who studied monkeys and their behavior. His research paved the way to a better understanding of human behavior. Dr. Harlow’s research also helped to better understand the psychology of children. This essay will discuss Dr. Harlow’s background, education, social influence, historical significance, and major contributions in the study of psychology. â€Æ' Background Early Childhood Harry Harlow’s original last name was Israel, andRead MoreHarry Harlow1124 Words   |  5 PagesHarry Israel was born in Fairfield, a small town in Iowa. He was the third of four boys and grew up in a family that placed a top quality on the value of education. 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His revolutionary influence, however, cannot be downplayedRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Work of Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth on Understanding Attachment.1489 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will compare and contrast the work of psychologists Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth. To compare and contrast will be to emphasise the similarities and differences of both Harlow and Ainsworth’s work on understanding attachment, to which they have both made great contribution. Attachment refers to the mutually affectionate developing bond between a mother and any other caregiver (Custance 2010). It is a bond in which the infant sees the caregiver as a protective and security figure. FailingRead MoreLove in Infant Monkeys Analysis Essay633 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Love in Infant Monkeys† Lydia Millet A mother can impact lives greatly. Could you imagine growing up without a mother? You can either be very lucky with a mother that cares for you or be deprived of that sense of love from a mother figure. It is inhumane to destroy any kind of maternal bond because mothers are not people to depend on, but are people to make depending not required. In my opinion, Harry doesn’t understand the true meaning of mothers earlier in the story but does get theyRead MoreThe Nature Of Love By Roger Hock1338 Words   |  6 PagesLove can be an amazing thing and it is often said that nothing compares to the bond between a mother and her child, yet before a study called â€Å"The nature of love† which is discussed in the book â€Å"Forty studies that changed psychology: Explorations into the history psychological research,† our society had a very different understand about what caused this bond (Hock, 2013). 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This essay will cover a wide range of material to identify, compare and contrast the work of Harry Harlow and Burrhus Frederick Skinner. Harlow and Skinner did research and investigated the influences on behaviour; this essay will draw upon both investigations. Further into the essay it will identify some similarities and differences into both researches with a supported argument about the importanceRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Work of Harry Harlow and Mary Anisworth on Understanding Attachment1770 Words   |  8 PagesCompare and Contrast the work of Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth on understanding attachment ‘Attachment’ is a lasting secure and positive feeling that bonds one person to another, one of the strongest forms of attachment is thought to develop between a mother and child. Many psychologist, sociologist, physicians and psychoanalysts have sought to explore the fundamental nature of attachment and how it had evolved. Within this essay I shall examine †¢ The origins of attachment †¢ Psychologist who seek

Era of Fashion Free Essays

An Era of Fashion Webster dictionary states that fashion is â€Å"The make or form of something. The prevailing style during a particular time. † Personally, I believe fashion is not Just what you wear but a state of mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Era of Fashion or any similar topic only for you Order Now I once read a quote by Coco Channel that read, â€Å"Be daring, be different, be impractical, be anything that will â€Å"assert integrity of purpose and imaginative vision against the play-it-safer, the creatures of the commonplace the slaves of the ordinary. † This to me said it all. Fashion is about showing the true o and the statement that you want to make on that particular day, weather that statement is bold or casual in sweat pants and a white T. Fashion is not Just what we see everyday in magazines. Fashion is what you make it. During the pre ass’s through the early to mid-ass’s fashion trends such as the mini skirt, maxi skirt, mini dress, the halter neck cat dress, flared trousers, empire dresses, high waist banana sears, bell bottoms, army Jackets and Jumpsuits were all the rage. Two of the more well known people I believed to represent the ass’s well was, Affray Facet, who cocked the feathered hairstyle and ass’s style well for the ladies and Elvis Presley who was well known for always looking amazing in Jumpsuits showed the boys exactly how to make an outfit look good. In the photos I have chosen to use you will see my Grandparent’s, my Uncle, my mother and my father. My Grandparent’s and Uncle have always lived in Tucson, Az as for my mother for most of her life has lived in Tucson, except with a two year influence from her time spent in California. As for my father he was born and raised in Nassau, Bahamas until his college years when he moved to Tucson. The pictures were not taken for a particular reason other than to remember the time my father went to the Pimp Air Show and the time my mother spent visiting Harbor Island. The trends in both hair style and garments are shown. For instance my mother in the black and white photograph shows Just how being â€Å"hip† in that time of age would have been represented, which was shown by the mini dress and having hair as big as you could get it to go. The types of clothing shown in my pictures are more on the casual side of everyday life in the U. S. Back in the ass’s. Because fashion has always reflected its moment in history one could say that clothes mocked their environment. More designers were finally getting the chance to travel. This gave them a chance to see other nations. Viewing other nations meant new colors, textures, materials and ideas. There was now more to fashion than the same old boring prints. What is special about the ass’s clothing to me are the patterns and the colors. The ass’s was bold and therefore the colors and shapes of the garments were bigger than life. Personally, it seems to me that living in the ass’s meant that one could not be shy! This era in time was such a big influence on the world and trends can still be seen in present day. For example, â€Å"That ass’s Show,† puts forth a great understanding of the prints, textures, and all around style of the ass’s. Another show that from time to time will represent the ass’s is â€Å"The Rachel Zoe Project. † Rachel Zoe is a fashion stylist, who herself every so often will show high wasted pants, big earrings, big hair, patterns, and styles from the ass’s. All in all I believe that the seventies was an amazing and inspiring era. QUESTIONS: 1 . The people included in my photos are as followed: My nana, that, Uncle Gilbert, along with my mother and my father. 2. The time period in the photos are as followed: 1981 3. They lived in Tucson, AZ and the Nassau Bahamas 4. The Time of year these pictures were taken were: Summer (all photos except grandparent’s), and winter. 5. Where the photographs taken for a special event: (dad) Pimp Air Show, (mom) Visiting Harbor Island, otherwise the others were not for special events. 6. The clothing was not related to a particular profession of the time period. 7. The significant historical events happening at the time were: Ronald Reagan was Just elected President of the United States, The American hostages was held in Iran, Interest rates was at 14% (very high). 8. The historical events are depicted in the clothing by 9. What is special to me about the clothing are the patterns and the colors, very little black. The clothes do inspire me, the whole 60-70 era inspires me. Yes its fashion. Fashion is not one particular trend or look. Fashion includes person style and the emotion behind the person, It’s a statement. 10. The style is Mod and personal. 11. That ass’s Show I believe uses this era as inspiration along with â€Å"The Rachel Zoe Project. â€Å" How to cite Era of Fashion, Essays

Times of India Essay Example

Times of India Essay True learning is born out of experience and observation practical experience is one of the best types of leanings that one can remember throughout the life. After II semesters in learning theoretical aspects of administration and management, the day come to apply these incorporate world in content of modern industrial enterprise that has to go through its different terminal to achieve that corporate goals. The main object of practical training is to develop practical knowledge and experience and awareness about industrial environment and business practices in the student as a supplement to theoretical studies of administration and management in specific area like HRM. It increases the skill, ability and attitude of a student to perform specific job in industrial environment. Fortunately, I got golden opportunity to visit and complete my six week training at THE TIMES OF INDIA. Here, I got chance to see the functioning HRD departments and imbibe alot learning of the subjects THE TIMES OF INDIA is a wide Organization producing newspapers, the main productsincludeTimes of India, Economic Times, Radio Mirchi etc. It has developed in many fields. Today guess is a legend in the world of business and organisation at a home and abroad. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Through this acknowledgement, I express my sincere gratitude towards all those people who have helped me in the preparation of this project, which has been learning experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Times of India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Times of India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Times of India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I appreciate the co-operation by the management and staff of ‘THE TIMES OF INDIA’ for having given me -the opportunity to training in their office. I would like to thanks the Head Of the Department Dr. A. Kumar , the faculty , the librarian and the administrative staff of Department of Business Administration, Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, for their support. Finally, I express my sincere thanks to Mr. Ashok Solanki and Mr. Hemant Patel who guided me throughout the project and gave me Valuable suggestion and encouragement. INTRODUCTION OF THE TIMES OF INDIA The first edition appears on November 3, 1838 known as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce†. Later to be known as â€Å"The Times of India â€Å". The first edition appears on November3, 1838 known as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce. The issue is published twice a week. Dr. J. E. Brennan the first editor also Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce. Rs 30/- is the annual subscription. 1846 The new spaper experiences proprietary changes and Dr. George Brit appointed editor. 850 Shareholders decide to increase the share capital and the paper converted into a daily 1855 Telegraph Services opens up in India shortly afterwards, the paper signs an agreement with Reuters for raising news coverage and lowering subscription rates. That old tie was renewed in 2006 with the pact between TIMESNOW amp; Reuters 1861 Editor Robert Knight amalgamates The Bombay Times, Bombay Standard and Bombay Telegraph amp; Courier to form The Times of India and gives it a national character. 1880 The Times of India Weekly edition launched . The Times of India weekly edition launched, to meet the need for a weekend paper. This later came to be known as the Illustrated Weekly of India in 1923. TheTimes of India Weekly edition launched. 1890 Editor Henry Curwen buys TOI in partnership with Charles Kane. 1892 Following the death of Henry Curwen, T. Bennett becomes the editor and enters into a partnership with F. M. Coleman to form a joint stock company Bennett, Coleman amp; Co. Ltd. (BCCL). 1902 The paper moves in to its current office opposite CST. It started out at the Paris Bazar and then moved on to Church gate where things got so bad that editor Bennett had to complete his editorial elsewhere after the ceiling fan collapsed in his room. 907 Editor Stanley Reed revolutionises news production by extending the deadline to midnight. Until then any news that came in after 5pm was held over for the next day. TOIs first price war under editor Stanley Reed: price cut from 4 Anna’s to 1 Anna; circulation rises 5 times. 1923 Evening News of India launched 1929 The Times Of India Illustrated Weekly ren amed The Illustrated Weekly Of India 1930The Column Bombay 100 Years ago published 1930 The Column Bombay 100 Years ago published First movie review published 1940 First time news items appeared on the front page 1946 For the first time the paper transfers to Indian ownership. Seth Ramakrishna Dalmia buys out Bennett, Coleman amp; Co. Ltd. For Rs. 2 crores. 1948 Sahu Jain Group become the owners of the company. Shanti Prasad Jain is the first Chairman of the group 1950 ? Navbharat Times launched ?The TOI Crest changes from the lions to elephants ?Dharmayug, Hindi weekly pictorial magazine launched ?Frank Moraes succeeded Ivor Jehu to become the first Indian editor (1950-57)R K Laxman’s common man cartoon starts. * 1952 Filmfare- first film magazine in English launched * 1959 Femina- first women’s magazine in English launched * 1961 The Economic Times launched 1962 Maharashtra Times launched * 1965 Femina Miss India contest started. * 1987 Printing of The Times of India from Kandivili Press in Mumbai. * 1988 Times of India completes 150 years. Special stamp released by P amp; * 1991 BBC features Times of India amongworlds six great newspapers * 1994 Bombay Times, the sassy colour supplement that chronicles the changing lifestyle mores of a glo balising city is launched. * 1996 Times of India carry its first colour photograph. Times of India crosses 1 million mark in circulation. * 1998 BCCL enters into music market with Times Music. 1999 Indiatimes. com launched * 1999 BCCL enters music retailing business with Planet M and radio broadcasting business with Radio Mirchi * 2000 TOI crosses the 2 million mark in circulation. * 2001 TOI goes all colour and storms Delhi by beingNumber One * 2003 President APJ Abdul Kalam visits TOI to inaugurate Times Foundation * 2004 Television business launched with the launch of a lifestyle and entertainment channel called ZOOME Paper launched Times cape- the Times Group Intranet launched. Launch of the jobs portal Times Jobs http://www. imesjobs. com. Times Jobs. compioneered the concept of job fairs in India,branded as‘Big Leap’ * 2005 MT – Largest read Marathi Newspaper in Mumbai – IRSsurvey * TOI – Goes daily full colour * Mumbai Mirror launched TimesMa tri. com Launched in August re-launched as * SimplyMarry. com in December 2006. * 2006 TIMES NOW – TV News Channel launched ET – first newspaper available on cell phone Mumbai Mirror – Afternoon edition launched Offers Mumbai Mirror or Maharashtra Times as complimentary copy with TOI at a price of Rs. /- TOI – The only English language daily to feature among the top 10 with a readership of 131. 4lakhs- IRS Survey by Hansa Research Times Group MD, Mr Vineet Jain awarded the scroll of honour for being the new age media guru Hero Honda Indian TV Academy Awards Times cape the Times Group Intranet portal re-launched now powered by SAP Net weaver BCCL goes live on SAP systemMagicBricks. com – launched in October 2006 targets the Online Real Estate Space Smart Hire – launched April2006, is witnessing stupendous growth with its focus on providing organisations with end-to-end recruitment solutions. Ads2Book. com – The World’s Only Global Ad Booking Engine -Relaunched in August 2006With intensive Ramp;D, the Net-2-Print classifieds booking systemAds2Book. com was created and imbued with AI (artificial intelligence) that assisted users through the entire process of Creating, Booking amp; Paying for their Print Classified Ads, all from the comfort of their desktop. KEY MANAGEMENT amp; EDITORIAL HEADS KEY MANAGEMENT HEADS BCCL PROMOTERS amp; DIRECTORS Chairperson : Indu Jain Vice-Chairman amp; MD: Samir Jain Managing Director: Vineet Jain BOARD OF DIRECTORS Executive Director : Trishla Jain Executive Director amp; CEO : Ravindra Dhariwal Executive Director amp; COO : Shrijeet Mishra Executive Director amp; President: Arunabh Das Sharma Non-Executive Director: A. P. Parigi Non-Executive Director: Kalpana J. Morparia Non Executive Director: M. Damodaran Non Executive Director: Leo Puri Times Television Network (comprising TGBCL and ZEN) Group CEO (TV business): Sunil Lulla ZEN CEO: Avinash Kaul Times Internet Limited CEO: Satyan Gajwani Times of Money President: Avijit Nanda Times Business Solutions Ltd CEO: Satyan Gajwani Times VPL CEO: Sunil Rajshekhar Worldwide Media CEO: Tarun Rai Entertainment Network (India) Ltd CEO: Prashant Panday Alternate Brand Solutions (I) Ltd CEO: Prashant Panday Times Innovative Media Limited CEO: Sunder Hemrajani Absolute Radio CEO: Donnach O Driscoll Times Foundation Head: Shailendra Nautiyal EDITORIAL HEADS The Times of India Editorial Director: Jaideep Bose Executive Editor: Arindam Sengupta Economic Times Editorial Director: Rahul Joshi Maharashtra Times Executive Editor: Ashok Panwalkar Navbharat Times Executive Editor: Ramkripal Singh Mumbai Mirror Executive Editor: Meenal Baghel Speaking Tree Executive Editor: Narayani Ganesh Vijaya Karnataka Executive Editor: E. Raghavan Times Now Executive Editor: Arnab Goswami ET Now Executive Editor: R. Sridharan Zoom Executive Editor: Omar Qureshi Code of Conduct for Employees You shall not borrow or lend money within the Company. You shall disclose all your interests including investments in other companies and your relatives in politics to ensure that you are unbiased in your work. You or your immediate relative(s) shall refuse any gift offered by any person(s) who has or may seek to have dealings with the Company. The Company’s reputation and the respect of those with whom it deals with are among its most vital assets. These must not be jeopardized by acceptance of any gifts. However, gifts given as prizes at exhibitions, conferences, seminars, etc. or as part of a free raffle or draw may be accepted but in principle they belong to the company. Any Hospitality/ Entertainment which is of substantial monetary value should be refused. It would however be too rigid to say that no hospitality should be accepted. Some examples of hospitality / entertainment which may be acceptable (subject to a nominal limit of Rs. 00/-) depends on who is providing the hospitality, why the employee is there and the nature of the dealings between the Company, the employee and the provider of the hospitality: e. g. a working meal provided to allow parties to discuss or to continue to discuss business, invitation to attend a dinner or function of a Society, Institute or other non-commercial body with whom the Co mpany has contact, invitations to attend functions where the employee represents the Company (opening ceremonies, public speaking events and conferences). The Company shows more appreciation for those who keep away from smoking and drinking and discourages all forms of substance abuse. The protocols and culture of the Company should be respected as being different from those in other Institutions or Organizations. 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In the event of any emergency where intellectual property created, written, given or made by you is sought by the Government, then the same will be delivered with due written permission of the Company. In such a case, an application for the same is to be made to the competent authority of the Company by the Government Agency desiring the same, citing appropriate reason. Other organs of the State including Government or Public Institutions may proposition you to do specialized writings on the plea that only you can do such specialized writing on laudable subjects such as military, national integration, etc. You are aware that when you take up such assignments it is in deviation and conflict with your employment relationship with the Company. If ever you are permitted to make such a contribution for the nation, it will then, obviously, be the contribution of the Company and you will be duty bound to project and represent so that the Company gets due acknowledgement. As you are in employment with a high visibility leader media Company, you may be pampered, mollycoddled and felicitated by the Government and other organs of State or Sections of the Civil Society for their Public Relation (PR) reason. Senior members of the Government including Ministers may visit you on various occasions such as your anniversaries, birthdays, etc. for their PR purpose. Since you would be involved in the processing of news and handling of events of importance to people belonging to public or special celebrity group, you thus occupy a position of importance to these groups, who will obviously make reverential gestures to you for their PR need. You will not expect the same from the Company, as your relationship with the Company strictly is that of employer-employee and the Company has no need to do any PR with you. The Company has often welcomed former employees back, and it is a matter of record that people have left and returned. The Company has never felt the need to hold farewell events which have no rationale. In the event you resign/ separate from the Company, you will not recruit, select or influence in any way, any employee of our Company or anyone working with us on contract, to join your future employment, as an employee or partner or any other form of work association, after the separation of your services with us. Oral Promises/ Commitments: The Company believes that mere casual conversations are not commitments. Where such conversations have led to commitments the onus is obviously on the employee to submit proof of such commitments if at all made. But the reality is that in the absence of any written commitment, no individual and no Company can ever get to the truth of such claims. And therefore any side talk or commitment unless duly recorded are unfounded and untenable. While such claims are generally without any substance they end up causing needless stress and wastage of time. 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This Code of Conduct must be observed in spirit, not just to the letter. The purpose is to avoid any conflict of interests, any compromise of the Companys reputation and any bias, whether real or perceived, on the part of the Company staff, be it journalists, sub-editors, editors, cameramen, photographers or senior managers etc. Adherence to these principles is an essential part of their responsibilities in Times and shall form part of their contractual obligations with the Company and hence they should at all times conduct themselves as per this code. This code is necessarily not comprehensive it may not cover each and every ethical dilemma that a Times journalist might face. But we hope that it will indicate the spirit in which you should react to such dilemmas and as always, when in doubt, please consult with your supervisor or your senior editor. All Times staffers must conduct themselves by the following rules: Confidentiality: The Company will regularly receive confidential information as part of normal news gathering. All information which is not in the public domain is confidential. This includes information relating to the Company, its shareholders and to any company, for example information about advertisers credit and financial position. We will abide by the terms of confidentiality and shall not breach a confidence or use confidential information improperly or carelessly. Church and State. Our reporting and analysis is entirely independent of our advertising and investment departments (Response / Sales and Brand Capital). We do not give preferential treatment to advertisers / treaty partners nor do we entertain requests from the business departments of BCCL to do so. We observe the Chinese wall between editorial and business. Quality journalism a) To provide the best reportage and analysis to our readers and viewers, we must ensure we are: Accurate: We must present information that is true, and we must verify every fact and quote what we print. Your editors have the mandate to demand to see proof of any information that you base a story on, and to know the source of information that is potentially sensitive. Unbiased: We must carry both sides of the story. If we are doing a negative story, we HAVE to give the subject time to respond and carry their official denial or statement that they declined to comment, if that is what they choose to do. We should always talk to an unbiased third party, which may or may not feature prominently in the story before printing it. Attributed: While we must sometimes use anonymous sources, we should restrict them to the absolutely essential cases. 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We must also be seen to be honest, which has implications on our interactions with sources, officials of the companies we cover, and communications professionals or mediators in these interactions. We are also honest about our mistakes: if we get something wrong, we will carry a correction, and we must do so at the earliest available opportunity. If we make corrections to our online copy, we will include an update/ editors note that states that a correction has been made. We will not use offensive language, obscenities and racist / sexist / religious terms in any copy or script, unless they are part of a direct quote and their usage is critical to the story being reported. We do not pay for information, nor do we promise financial gain to our sources in exchange for information. We do not accept gifts or money from sources, PR agencies or companies that we cover. 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But at all times make it clear that these are professional interactions, not social ones. The same applies to PRs weve made it a rule for trainees that they do not have a drink/meal/coffee with any PR for the first two years that they are with Times. Apply the spirit of that rule to your interactions with all PRs you should never give them the chance to act like you owe them something. If you feel you need to return a lunch or dinner someplace a little more expensive than the Press Club, please inform your editor, and we will see if some reimbursement can be organized. We do not do previews of stories or package or shows no source or company/person being featured can see the story or the package before it goes to print/air. We can, and should, however, email quotes that will be used in stories to sources for confirmation. In addition, no staffer will reveal the contents of the paper/channel to any outsider in advance of their appearance in print/on-air. This includes the distribution/dissemination of advance copies/CDs or digital files of any Times content. Note: Times reserves the right to modify and expand the code of conduct from time to time, as appropriate. Economic Times and ET Now Code of Financial Conduct ET/ET Now are Indias most respected financial-news brand because it stands squarely for certain values: accuracy, reliability, fairness and integrity. Our journalism, across media platforms, is committed to these values. The changing industry and regulatory environments require us to uphold even higher standards to protect, defend and enhance the Companys reputation for accurate, unbiased journalism. Whatever it is you report on, you should ensure that there is never a situation which could lead to a suspicion that the Company, its publications and television channels, or its editors and journalists are biased. 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Robert Peel Nine Principles

Robert Peel Nine Principles Free Online Research Papers Before 1829, law enforcement was normally handled by regular people who volunteered, sheriffs, constables and night watchmen. They were an informal unorganized group who were trying to solve crime without some type of organized charter. Robert Peel, Home Secretary in the British Cabinet, recognized some of the problems with this informal group and suggested solutions to the problem, community policing. Peel believed that prevention of crime could be done without invading the lives of society. (Gaines) Peel established nine principles to his theory of policing. This paper will show the connection between Peel’s nine principles and its connection to modern day policing, compare and contrast the differences between Peels model and American policing model. The first principle states that the basic reason for having a police force is to prevent crime and disorder. (Cole) Peel established the police, also known as Bobbies, and the introduction of beats were performed by Bobbies. Law enforcement today are still carrying out the first principle, as law enforcement agencies still patrol neighborhoods trying to prevent crime. In the beginning patrol was done on feet until the invention of automobiles. With the invention of the automobile, patrols became more effective and gave officers more area to cover in a shorter time frame. In the community I live in, there are regular police patrols all day and night. The community also has monthly meetings with the patrol officer once a month. This is a perfect example of Peels first principle. Peel’s second and third principle deals with public respect and cooperation. It says police must have public approval to be effective and the police must secure the willing cooperation of the public to obey the law in order to have respect of the public. (Cole) In the United States, our society is so diverse that it is necessary for police to understand the different cultures that make up the neighborhoods that they patrol. This can be done through cultural diversity training and education. With community policing the officers will take a more community involvement stance. No longer does an officer sit in his patrol car and wait for a call that a crime has happened. Within this type of policing, the officers will have a zone in which to work in during their shifts. This is their area and they will work to get to know the citizens of the community and help out in any way they can. The officers will make their presence known and also rely on community citizens to report any suspicious behavior or tips on criminals in the area. (Gaines) This method takes a lot of trust on the officers part as well as the citizens part. They will have to trust each other and know that each other is looking out for them. Many citizens have stated to several agencies that when they know the officers they start to view them as part of their family and are willing to look out for their officers and help keep them safe. (Gaines) Peels fourth, fifth and six principle deals with the use of police physical force. It States the degree of cooperation from the public declines with the use of force; observe impartial service to the law; and police must use physical force only after using all other means to obtain compliance. (Cole) In today’s society excessive force has been a public concern and the first sign of neighborhood mistrust in police. It is very important that police have the help of the public in order to perform their duties effectively. Gaining the trust of a neighborhood takes time and only one incident to lose that trust. When people have no respect for police officers, they will ignore the demands of police officers. By law, the police have the right to use legitimate force if necessary to make an arrest, maintain order, or keep the peace. Gaines) Just how much force is appropriate under various circumstances can be debatable. When an officer uses excessive force, he or she violates the law. Jerome Skolnick and James Fyfe define police brutality as a conscious and deliberate action that a police officer undertakes toward suspects who are usually members of a powerless social group (for example, racial minorities or homosexuals). Gaines) most brutality is directed against minority groups or otherwise powerless populations. Officers who engage in brutality rationalize their use of extralegal force; they claim they are punishing those groups that threaten to disrupt the social order. (Sigel) The importance of understanding racism in the context of police brutality cannot be underestimated. Many police automatically regard racial minority group members as potentially dangerous regardless of their particular activities, gestures, or attire. This perception of racial minority citizens as â€Å"trouble† sometimes translates into racially discriminatory police behavior. (Sigel) Robert Peel last three principles deals with securing the welfare of the public; enforcing laws and not having the right to punish; and the measure of police effectiveness. (Cole) Every person and organization has the right to have police protection regardless if the person is guilty or innocence. When the KKK has marches, the police are always there for their protection regardless of what their beliefs may be. When taking an oath to serve and protect, police officers promise to preserve the dignity and respect the rights of all individuals, and to act with honesty, courtesy and regard for the welfare of others. (Gaines) Unfortunately, this pledge sometimes puts officers at the homes of people they dont particularly care for, people who are less than truthful, people who may even be guilty of unspeakable acts and situations that may go against their beliefs. But this oath requires officers to serve and protect, even when their heart isnt necessarily in it. Is community policing effective? Many chiefs of police and mayors credit community policing with lowering crime rates. They claim that community policing has restored order in neighborhoods where once open-air drug markets thrived and gangs hung out. (Grieve) New York City is a prime example. The zero tolerance policy, which has been given a showcase in New York City, holds that no crime- not the breaking of a window, not the jumping of a turnstile, not drinking in public- is too insignificant to capture the swift, decisive attention of the police. (Bohm) Arrest more petty offenders and make more arrests for petty offenses today, go the reasoning, and you will have fewer hard-core criminals tomorrow. Under Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, the NYPD returned to a policy of proactive policing, frisking more than 45,000 suspects for guns and other weapons in 1997 and 1998. (Sigel) According to police officials, New Yorkers are getting results that range from fewer panhandlers to fewer shootings and murders. (Sigel) Some critics will argue that community policing does not prevent crime. No one knows what community policing is, according to criminal justice professor Carl Klockars. (Bohm) Even though a majority of police departments in America claim to be doing community policing, the differences between the actual operations may be significant. Community policing as it is organized in New York is different from its practice in Chicago, Washington, and Philadelphia. The lack of precision in defining community policing makes it impossible to say with any certainty that community policing is causing crime rates to decrease. (Grieve) The evidence from particular communities used to demonstrate that community policing reduces crime is suspect. By appealing to anecdotal evidence to support the claim that community policing reduces crime, proponents make a hasty generalization on the basis of a very few and possibly unrepresentative cases. (Gaines) There are differences as well as similarities to Peels model and the American model. Americans selectively incorporated parts of the London model. They adopted the approach of crime prevention through patrol and organized police agencies along military lines. (Gaines) But the London Metropolitan Police were too elitist for Americans. Whereas the British made their new police an agency of the national government, Americans opted for a more democratic police. Americans were given a much more direct voice in police administration than the British. (Grieve) Power and authority were highly centralized in the London police, and the police department was insulated from political influence. Unlike the London police, American police departments were decentralized with political leaders in wards and neighborhoods exerting power over police recruitment, policies, and practices. The evolution of modern day policing has had many failed attempts and false starts since the early Nineteenth Century and Peel’s principles. Community policing involves and is certainly justified as necessary by Peels Principles. Established in 1829, The Principles currently are applicable and used in law enforcement agencies and community policing organizations today. Though they are not officially declared a code of ethics, they are indeed based on required ethical behavior of law enforcement and the public. (Grieve) Although there are some critics who do not agree with community policing, it seems to work for my neighborhood and the community really like the involvement of the police. Research Papers on Robert Peel Nine PrinciplesThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenDefinition of Export QuotasRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBringing Democracy to Africa

There Is No Free or Cheap Government Land

There Is No Free or Cheap Government Land Free government land, also known as claim-free government land no longer exists. There is no longer a  federal homesteading program and any public land the government does sell is sold at no less than fair market value. Under the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLMPA), the federal government took over ownership of public lands and abolished all remaining traces of the often-amended Homestead Act of 1862. Specifically, the FLMPA declared that the public lands be retained in Federal ownership  unless as a result of the land use planning procedure provided in this Act, it is determined that disposal of a particular parcel will serve the national interest... Today, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) oversees the use of some 264 million acres of public land, representing about one-eighth of all the land in the United States. In passing the FLMPA, Congress assigned the main duty of the BLM as the management of the public lands and their various resource values so that they are utilized in the combination that will best meet the present and future needs of the American people. While the BLM does not offer much land for sale because of a 1976 congressional mandate to generally retain these lands in public ownership, the agency does occasionally sell parcels of land when its land use planning analysis determines disposal is appropriate. What Types of Lands Are Sold? The federal lands sold by the BLM are generally unimproved rural woodland, grassland or desert parcels located mostly in the western states. The parcels are typically not served by utilities like electricity, water or sewer, and may not be accessible by maintained roads. In other words, the parcels for sale are truly â€Å"in the middle of nowhere.† Where Are the Lands for Sale Located? Usually part of the original public domain established during the western expansion of the United States, most of the land is in the 11 Western states and the state of Alaska, although some scattered parcels are located in the East. Almost all are in the Western States of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming. Because of land entitlements to the State of Alaska and to Alaska Natives, no public land sales will be conducted in Alaska in the foreseeable future, according to the BLM. There are also small amounts in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Washington, and Wisconsin. There are no public lands managed by the BLM in Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. How Is the Land Sold? The Bureau of Land Management sells unimproved public land through a modified bidding process that favors adjoining landowners, open public auction or direct sale to a single buyer. Minimum acceptable bids are based on land value appraisals prepared and approved by the Department of the Interior Appraisal Services Directorate. The appraisals are based on factors like ease of access, availability of water, possible uses of the property and comparable property prices in the area. States Do Offer Some Free Homesteading Land But... While government-owned lands are no longer available for homesteading, some states and local governments do occasionally offer free land to persons willing to build a home on it. However, these homesteading deals usually come with very specific requirements. For example, Beatrice, Nebraska’s local Homestead Act of 2010 gives homesteaders 18 months to build a minimum 900-square-foot home and live in it for at least the next three years. However, homesteading seems to be just as tough a row-to-hoe as it was in the 1860s. Two years after Beatrice, Nebraska enacted its homesteading act, the Wall Street Journal reported that no one had actually claimed a parcel of land. While dozens of people from across the nation had applied, they all dropped out of the program when they began to realize â€Å"how work is involved,† a city official told the newspaper.

ACT 19 COCA-COLA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ACT 19 COCA-COLA - Essay Example The company maintains high ethical standards and it is a corporate citizen. Coca-Cola has had positive impacts on the Russian community and economy in general. The company has provided jobs to most individuals in the Russian economy. In addition to, Coca-Cola was the primary sponsor of the first Olympic Games in Moscow. In the Russia, the government does not allow homosexuality. On the other hand, Coca-Cola supports gays worldwide which is against the Russian laws. In Russia, the government banned the sale of Coca-Cola to children under the age of eighteen years old. The prohibition on sale of Coca-Cola to underage children is to protect their health. The parliament of Russia ban on the drink was because of the expert opinion of the adverse effects of Coca Cola on the human body. The demand for the drink in Russia has fallen, and the company has opted to close down some of the factories in the country. It is because the company is under criticism for the production of unhealthy products for its citizens. Coca-Cola Company is one of the largest non-alcoholic drinks in Germany. The company has American roots though it has a strong foundation in the country. The Coca-Cola Company provides economic value to the economy of Germany. It has positive impacts on the German economy because it has positive effects on the German GDP. It provides approximately1 billion dollars in tax to the German economy. It provides employment to most German individuals in the country. It is a stable employer in the country because it provides employment to many individuals. Coca-Cola sponsors some stadiums and sporting events in the country. It also sponsors numerous sporting events in the country. For example, the company sponsored the 2006 World Cup in the country. It was one of the major corporations to sponsor the World Cup in the country. The company works hand in hand with some enterprises in the Germany. Germany benefits more from the efforts of Coca-Cola

Group reference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group reference - Essay Example The readings also provided knowledge about the importance of modern social networking as a method of reaching new consumer audiences. Sites such as MySpace and many others provide even more weight to the concept of reference groups and are therefore important especially in cultures like the UAE that have very group-minded collectivist values. According to Beckstrom (2010) the UAE is the largest user of the Internet in the Middle East where 74.1 percent of the population had access to broadband connections or mobile phones. It is a lifestyle activity for the UAE (Beckstrom). This is important for companies such as the Carrefour hypermarket that has recently launched its own online store offering many non-food items to customers in an environment that is convenient to the buyer segments (dubaifaqs.com, 2011). With the use of social networking tools, customers can have a more interactive experience with the brand and also satisfy their social reference group needs in an environment prov iding similar opinion and values. The UAE is also a culture that does not accept uncertainty easily, in areas of buying behavior and also in terms of the social structures that guide the nation. People in cultures such as this are intolerant of conflicting opinions and value group harmony over individual expression (Donnison, 2008). In the UAE, it is predictable that customers of hypermarkets will want detailed pricing guidelines and clear choices related to their purchases. Therefore, this has significance to marketers trying to predict buyer behavior and develop a system of advertising and product variety that is clear so that buyers understand exactly what they will experience in-store. For the female shopper in the UAE, it is important to identify that there are still many prejudices and stereotypes present that impede their progress toward higher social class status. Therefore, social stratification does not necessarily allow female buyers to move from lower-end class status to more influential status due to the high presence of male-controlled attitudes and political structures. However, the female shopper, across the globe, is usually the most important decision-maker in buying decisions which makes it difficult for companies like Carrefour or Lulu hypermarkets to appeal to the woman buyer. Men have more opportunity for changing their social class and therefore are more mobile. Word-of-mouth communication, as identified by the readings, is still important to the success of a brand or company. Again, the social networking capabilities of Carrefour hypermarkets is changing the interactivity between buyer and the organization which provides new opinion leadership that can change buyer behaviors. It seems that the UAE and especially the hypermarket stores are capitalizing on these new low-cost capabilities by providing products online so that consumers in the same social class with the same values can discuss their positive experiences with Carrefour or Lul u markets. The high instance of mobile phone usage and the lifestyles associated with UAE Internet usage give these markets new visibility and maybe even be able to appeal to the market maven. Since it has been recognized that women in Arab countries enjoy the shopping experience together as part of the group,

Can Power Corrupt You? :: essays research papers fc

The power of language is indisputable. Being unable to ‘fit in’ because you cannot communicate effectively with the dominant discourse puts you at an enormous disadvantage. Those who know how to use the dominant discourse effectively and to their own advantage will be more powerful. People use their knowledge of the power, inherent in the mastery of discourses, to manipulate others. Many texts show evidence of this. In fact, some texts actively criticise those, who less than ethically utilise their mastery of discourses to achieve their own ends. The media actively utilise their understanding of the dominant discourse to support many agendas. Novelists over the years have shown the ill-effects on individuals who might suffer through not mastering the dominant discourse. Those who know how to use a variety of discourses will become more powerful. Those who have difficulty with discourses will end up being alienated. Alienation is the result of being unable to use other discourses or refusing to engage in the dominant discourse. One can gain power by preventing alienation of oneself and sublimating others via the use of alienation. Alienation is represented in all texts and films to effectively manipulate the minds of readers, so that they can compare their experiences with the characters in the narrative. This is clearly represented in the novel, â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, when the character Winston, challenges the dominant discourse. Another example can be seen in â€Å"Frankenstein†, by Mary Shelly where Victor is alienated because he disobeyed ‘the rules’ of the dominant discourse. The media however, uses a variety of discourses to manipulate the reader’s mind. Foregrounding certain topics and purposely leaving out certain information (silencing) are also techniques to use ‘the power of language’ to their own advantage. These techniques are used to convince the pubic, of a particular issue. To many people, this is like ‘brainwashing’ society. Novelists express the abuse of power, such as ‘brain washing’. â€Å"Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley, gives an excellent example of this. He wrote: â€Å"To make them love it, is the task assigned in present day totalitarian states, to ministries of propaganda...†. thus, through hynopeadic teaching (brain washing), essential attendance to community gatherings and the use of drugs to control emotion. This was the dominant discourse of the characters. From this, it can be noticed that the ones in power can abuse their authority and lead to corruption. A great representation of abuse of authority and corruption, is seen in â€Å"1984† and â€Å"Brave New World†.

History and Development of the Charismatic/Pentecostal Movement Essay

Charismatic movement is a religious revival movement that developed during the late 1960’s among members of several Christian denominations, notably Roman Catholics, Episcopalians, and Methodists. Charismatic believe they can become infused with the Holy Spirit. When so infused, they believe, they may be granted such charisms (gifts) as the ability to speak in tongues, to make prophecies, and to heal by faith. Charismatics share many beliefs and practices with the Pentecostal churches but do not consider themselves to be Pentecostals (Duin, 2000). Moreover, Pentecostal churches base their faith and practice on certain religious experiences that are recorded in the New Testament. Pentecostal churches teach that every Christian should seek to be â€Å"filled with the Holy Spirit. † The proof of this occurrence comes when the person speaks in tongues. That is, the person will speak in a language he has never learned. The New Testament refers to the disciples speaking in tongues on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2), and mentions speaking in tongues elsewhere (Blumhofer, 2004). Pentecost is an important springtime Jewish and Christian feast. Its name comes from the Greek word fifty because Pentecost occurred on the fiftieth day after the first day of Passover. As a Jewish thanksgiving feast for the harvest, it was called Feast of Firstfruits (Exodus 23:16) and Shabuot or the Feast of Weeks (Leviticus 23: 15-21): â€Å"From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, count off seven full weeks. Count off fifty days up the day after the seventh Sabbath and then present an offering of new grain to the Lord. From wherever you live, bring two loaves made of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour, baked with yeast, as a wave offering of firstfruits to the lord. Present with this bread seven male lambs, each a year old and with out defect, one young bull and two rams†¦Ã¢â‚¬  From the least the 200’s, Christians celebrated Pentecost on the seventh Sunday after Easter as one of their greatest feasts. It commemorated the descent of the Holy Spirit (called Holy Ghost in older English) upon the apostles on this day (Acts 2: 1-4): â€Å"When the day of the Pentecost came, they were all together in one place. Suddenly a sound like the blowing of a violent wind came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting. They saw what seemed to be tongues of fire that separated and came to rest on each of them. All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled tem. † He had been promised by Jesus as â€Å"another Comforter† (John 14:16) and came to strengthen the apostles after their nine days of prayer following the ascension of Jesus into heaven. Then they showed themselves more courageous and zealous than they had been before. Pentecost was later called Whitsunday or White Sunday, because the newly baptized wore their white baptismal robes on that day, marking the end of the joyous Easter season (Pentecostalism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2004). In masses of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, red vestments are worn on Pentecost to symbolize the tongues of fire representing the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:3). This paper studies the origin of Pentecostal/Charismatic movement and knows some denominations that practice the Pentecostal beliefs. II. Discussion Pentecostal churches that emphasize glossolalia (speaking in unknown tongues). The term â€Å"Pentecostal† refers to the day of Pentecost, soon after the death of Jesus, when the disciples spoke in unknown tongues. In present-day Pentecostal churches, during the highly emotional moments of the service, members make utterances that have not been identified with any known language (Wakefield, 1999). Pentecostals also believe that they can receive other supernatural gifts. For example, they believe they can be given the ability to prophesy, to heal, and to interpret what is said when someone speaks in an unknown tongue. The New Testament refers to these gifts in I Corinthians 12-14. Aside from these distinctive qualities, however, individual Pentecostal denominations do not usually resemble each other. There are more than three dozen Pentecostal groups in the United States of America alone. They differ radically in size as well as in their interpretations of matters of faith and practice. Some of the largest Pentecostal bodies are: Church of God in Christ, 3,700,000 members; Assemblies of God, 2,100,000; United Pentecostal Church International, 500,000; Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee), 455,000; Church of God in Christ, International, 200,000; International Church of the Four-square Gospel, 180,000; Pentecostal Holiness Church, 110,000; and the Pentecostal Church of God, 90,000. Pentecostal churches trace their origins to revivals of tongue-speaking that occurred at Bethel Bible College in Topeka, Kans. , in 1901, and at the Azusa Street Mission in Los Angeles in 1906. Similar revivals also took place in Great Britain and in Europe, Asia, and Latin America during the early 1900’s. Since the 1930’s, the Pentecostal denominations have grown rapidly. With a worldwide membership estimated at seven million, the Pentecostals are sometimes called Christianity’s â€Å"Third Force,† alongside the Roman Catholicism and traditional Protestantism (Ferm, 2001). Many Pentecostal churches are Methodist in origin. John Wesley, one of the founders of Methodism, believed on perfectionism. As Methodism later decreased its emphasis on perfectionism, many American Methodists broke away and formed their own churches. Stressing the perfectionist doctrine, these bodies are became known as Holiness churches. The Pentecostal churches are usually defined as those Holiness churches that consider speaking in tongues an important sign of having attained holiness. A. Assemblies of God Assemblies of God are Protestant Christian churches forming the largest of the Pentecostal denominations. The basic belief of this denomination is that conversion is a spiritual rebirth. Speaking in tongues is the first sign that that the Holy Spirit has been received by the reborn. Members believe in the infallibility of the Bible, the second coming of Christ to rule the world, eternal bliss for believers, and eternal punishment for the wicked. The denomination is composed of churches (assemblies) that are self-governing in local affairs. Each ordained minister and one lay delegate from each assembly is a member of the General Council, which is responsible for missions, publications, and other matters affecting the entire denomination (Assemblies of God. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2004). The church arose out of a rival movement about 1900. The General Council was organized in 1914. Membership is about 2,100,000 in the United States. The church has missions in a number of African and Latin American nations. International headquarters are in Springfield, Missouri. B. Practices and Beliefs †¢ Gift of Tongues Gift of tongues in Christianity is the ability to praise God in words that cannot be identified with any known language. It is also called glossolalia (Greek: tongue talking). Speaking in tongues occurs during moments of intense religious emotion. Many people believe that the speaker is possessed by the Holy Spirit. In Pentecostal churches, the gift of tongues is considered a sign of spiritual perfection. Early in the 1960’s, speaking in tongues spread through some congregations in other denominations, especially in the Episcopal, Roam Catholic, and Methodist churches (Glossolalia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2004). According to the Bible (Acts 2:1-13), 50 days after the Resurrection of Jesus, on the Jewish Pentecost, the Holy Spirit entered the disciples of Jesus and caused them to speak strange words. Many foreign Jews who were present understood the words, even though they were not spoken in their language. Instances of the gift of tongues are recorded in later New Testament books. However, in all these cases the words were directed to God and were not understood by any human being (Pentecostal movement. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge). †¢ Faith healing Faith healing is another practice of Pentecostal church. Faith healing is the curing of physical and mental ailments through religious faith of the sufferers. Medical science recognizes many kinds of physical disorders that are caused or made worse by the patient’s state of mind. These ailments can often be cured or relieved by mental therapy—by changing the patient’s outlook rather than by prescribing medicine. Faith in the curing power of religion or religious relics has often brought about this mental change. Some reported cases faith healing, however, cannot be explained medically (Foster, 2006). Faith healing has been recorded in many religions under various conditions. In the Old Testament, the Syrian general Naaman was cured of leprosy when, as instructed by the prophet Elisha, he washed himself seven times in the River Jordan (II Kings 5:10-14). Jesus performed many miracles of healing. After healing a leper, Jesus said to the man: â€Å"Arise, go thy way; thy faith hath made thee whole† (Luke 17:19). The apostles performed acts of healing. They believed that â€Å"prayer of faith shall save the sick† (James 5:15). III. Conclusion The Pentecostal churches stress the doctrine of perfectionism, or holiness, which states that man has free choice, while still on earth, may become sinless through uniting with God. This doctrine rose in reaction to the Calvinist doctrine of predestination, which states, in part, that man is sinful by nature and may be saved only through God’s choice. Other beliefs common to many Pentecostal churches are the fundamentalist ideas that the entire Bible is literally true and that Jesus will return physically to rule the earth; some of the Pentecostal churches also practice faith healing (Pentecostal churches.New Standard Encyclopedia). Reference 1. Blumhofer, Edith L. Thinking in the Spirit: Theologies of the Early Pentecostal Movement. The Christian Century. Volume: 121. Issue: 7. Page 43+. April 6, 2004. 2. Duin, Julia. Charismatic Movement Transcends Sects. The Washington Times. Page Number: 2. March 31, 2000. 3. Pentecostalism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press, New York, 2004. 4. Wakefield, Dan. Fire from Heaven: The Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the Reshaping of Religion in the Twenty-First Century. The Nation. Volume: 260. Issue: 3. Page Number: 98+. January 23, 1999. 5. Pentecostal churches. New Standard Encyclopedia. Vol. 13, Page 456-457. 6. Assemblies of God. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press. New York, 2004. 7. Glossolalia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press. New York, 2004. 8. Foster, Mark. Sugar Grove Pentecostal Church Draws Members. Daily Herald. Page Number: 4, Dec. 18, 2006. 9. Ferm, Vergilius. An Encyclopedia of Religion. Philosophical Library. New York,

Slavery The End Of The Civil War - 1543 Words

â€Å"Slavery is founded in the selfishness of man s nature -- opposition to it is in his love of justice. These principles are an eternal antagonism; and when brought into collision so fiercely, as slavery extension brings them, shocks, and throes, and convulsions must ceaselessly follow. Repeal the Missouri Compromise -- repeal all compromises -- repeal the declaration of independence -- repeal all past history, you still can not repeal human nature. It still will be the abundance of man s heart, that slavery extension is wrong; and out of the abundance of his heart, his mouth will continue to speak.† -Abraham Lincoln, on Slavery, 1854 Multiple issues among the North and the South contributed to the start of the Civil War in America, but the main conflict was the exchange of clashing views on slavery. In the North, slavery had already become less prevalent and disfavored among many. Businesses began to trade out slaves for paid workers, abolition movements gained support, and many began to see that slavery was immoral. The opposing southerners believed that slavery could be defended because of its economic benefits, biblical justifications, the belief that it was beneficial for non-slaveholding whites, and the idea that slaves were better off than the white wage workers in the North. Although the antislavery position eventually prevailed, each stance on slavery had legitimate arguments that could be validated. The North The North wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Abraham Lincoln: Slavery and The End of the Civil War646 Words   |  3 Pageshe was right, because even 150 years later it is not a completely smooth situation. Yes, by todays standards his thinking was short-sighted and perhaps even wrong, but in his day his thinking was considered progressive, even radical. Above ending slavery Lincoln best interest was to preserve the union. 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Over 237- named battles were fought and a couple famous ones being the â€Å"Battle of Fort Sumter†, and â€Å"Battle of Palmito Ranch†. The victory was for the Union, however there was a point in the Civil War where the Confederacy was winning which left the people astonished. The Civil war was caused