10 Types of Apostrophe Errors You Should Avoid

10 Types of Apostrophe Errors You Should Avoid 10 Types of Apostrophe Errors You Should Avoid 10 Types of Apostrophe Errors You Should Avoid By Mark Nichol Even considering how many ways the apostrophe can be employed, erroneous use of punctuation mark is endemic. Here are brief discussions of ten categories of apostrophe abuse (including one writers and editors must let stand, even though it may pain them to do so). 1. With Plurals Writing the plural form of a noun in which an apostrophe precedes the plural s, such as when taxi’s is written instead if taxis, is a common error. (This mistake is known as a greengrocer’s apostrophe due to its ubiquity in hand-written- and even printed- store signs.) 2. With Pronouns Pronouns are followed by an apostrophe and s only as contractions (for example, he’s). Possessive pronouns (such as theirs and yours) never include an apostrophe. 3. With Shared Possession When two or more people or other entities are described as separately owning something, each name should be in possessive form: â€Å"John’s and Jane’s houses are the same color.† But when they share possession, include an apostrophe and an s after the last name only: â€Å"John and Jane’s house is just down the block.† 4. With the Possessive Form of a Surname That shingle on your neighbor’s porch should not read, â€Å"The Brown’s house,† unless your neighbor’s legal name is â€Å"the Brown.† A sign identifying the residence of the Browns should read â€Å"The Browns’ house† (or simply â€Å"The Browns†). 5. With the Plural Form of an Abbreviation No apostrophe is required with plurals of abbreviations. Write, for example, â€Å"They disarmed or detonated several IEDs† (not IED’s). 6. With the Plural Form of a Numeral In the rare case of indicating more than one instance of a numeral, do not use an apostrophe: â€Å"Write three 7s on a piece of paper† (not 7’s). 7. With a Span of Years Some publications persist in using an apostrophe in a reference to a span of years, but that form is outdated: Write, for example, â€Å"The style, which flourished briefly in the 1960s, made a comeback several decades later† (not 1960’s) and â€Å"He continued to work well into his 70s† (not 70’s). Generally, an apostrophe should follow a number only if it is possessive (â€Å"It was 1985’s longest-reigning Top 40 hit†), though this style is awkward. (An exception is use of a number to stand in for a person, such as when an athlete is identified by a uniform number, as in â€Å"It was number 13’s lucky day.†) 8. With the Plural Form of a Word Used as a Word Don’t apostrophize the conjunctions in â€Å"There are no ifs, ands, or buts about it† or the counterpoints in â€Å"A helpful list of dos and don’ts follows.† (Do, however, retain the intrinsic apostrophe in the plural form of don’t.) 9. With the Plural Form of a Letter Used as a Letter Even when a letter is italicized, it still looks awkward to simply place an s next to it to indicate plurality, so do insert an apostrophe: â€Å"How many m’s do you spell hmm with?† (Follow this rule even when, in the case of an expression such as â€Å"Mind your p’s and q’s,† italicization isn’t necessary.) However, omit an apostrophe when pluralizing capital letters: â€Å"She received only As and Bs on her last report card.† 10. With Brand Names Many brand names, such as Starbucks Coffee, that technically should include apostrophes don’t, for one of two reasons (or both): A company decides that the brand name and/or logo look better without an apostrophe, or it reasons that it’s better to omit the punctuation mark so that people typing the URL for the company’s website into a Web browser or searching for it (or for other references to the company) online won’t have difficulty doing so. Yes, â€Å"Starbucks Coffee† is a â€Å"mistake,† but one the company has the right to make (and writers and editors have an obligation to honor). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business EmailsHow to spell "in lieu of"Ebook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

A research investigation on purchasing intentions and customers loyalty towards Michelin in China

A research investigation on purchasing intentions and customers loyalty towards Michelin in China Abstract When customers in a business firm are loyal, they make the organization to attain uninterrupted flow of income and relatively lower costs of production due to favorable economies of scale. The improved income is usually as a result of increase in production whereas the cost of production is cut down due to the decrease in promotional expenses.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on A research investigation on purchasing intentions and customers loyalty towards Michelin in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The whole process is triggered by high customer loyalty and optimal purchasing intentions which culminate into increase in the firm’s profits. It is important to note that customer loyalty does not grow by itself. As a matter of fact, it is a product of quality marketing strategies in today’s competitive markets. For a company to achieve customer loyalty, it must create an exemplary value for all its consistent and potential new customers. This dissertation proposal paper seeks to examine how consumer based value at Michelin has succeeded in marketing in addition to creating a loyal customer relations at the Chinese market. A comprehensive framework that leads to desirable results has been formulated. Based on ground findings and reliable literature reviews, the customer perceived firm value can be investigated and evaluated. This research study will conclude with solid findings which can be evaluated using specified standards rather than the common monetary scales. Underlying principle Studies reveal that customer loyalty is one of the basic elements which forms a stable foundation for business organizations to be operated successfully (Bloemer Odekerken-Schrà ¶der 2002, p. 70). Indeed, the loyalty of customers plays a critical function in ensuring the profitability of a business. Loyal customers are always ready to give a company a true and sincere feedback, make va lid recommendations to the company, go an extra mile to try every new product which is on sale by the company and also buy the company’s products in spite of variety of products and services that are being supplied by competitors (Christopher 2012, p.99). Bustillo and Lloyd (2009, p. 50) note that customer retention is a broad goal aimed at by all organizations. They add that this cannot be achieved without establishing a firm base in customer loyalty strategies (Bustillo Lloyd 2009, p. 54).Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a bid to improve customer retention, companies like Michelin have to evaluate the environment of their operational markets. In order to be able to retain all new customers without incurring extra cost, firms need to research in a thorough way the dynamics of the principle of customer intentions and loyalty. On the other hand, invest ment management firms have to understand the status of companies’ customer loyalty in order to be able to offer reliable services to them (Cengiz Yayla 2007, p. 80). A good understanding of the importance of cultivating customer loyalty has been proposed in this study. It is worth noting that customer loyalty will often make companies to become more competitive when they adopt better programs. As a matter of fact, the case study on Michelin in China provides very typical example on how business organizations ought to manage their markets as part and parcel of retaining their customers. The study will seek to highlight how Michelin has managed to dominate the Chinese market despite of the fact that there are other market players who are equally competitive and appealing to the targeted markets. There are several benefits which are to be accrued by the analysis of Michelin’s customer loyalty performance in China. As already noted in the above introduction, the well esta blished investment advisory companies will gain invaluable information. They will be placed in a strategic position to operate with a more streamlined focus. Therefore, individual companies and the entire industry need to consider being involved in carrying the regular market research. To account for their importance, Chris, Greg and Suzan (2012, p. 145) are quite categorical that the only thorough explanation which elaborates poor customer loyalty among companies operating in China is poor research in the field of marketing. Literature appraisal Given that the primary objective of this research will be to improve customer loyalty for Michelin, adequate examination of several pieces of literature is inevitable. In this regard, several works of both empirical and theoretical literature have been analyzed. The empirical texts support the role of mediating influence in marketing to maximize customer loyalty. The issue of customer loyalty has proved to be challenging to both researchers and marketers (Cronin, Brady Hult 2000, p. 201). Despite of this challenge, it has continually been discussed since businesses have great interest in it. The case of Michelin’s customer loyalty has taken an approach of evaluating how they have managed to create value for themselves as well as for other external stakeholders of the company.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on A research investigation on purchasing intentions and customers loyalty towards Michelin in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the relationship between customer loyalty and company value has been sufficiently supported by empirical studies rather than theoretical literature largely due to the credibility of information gathered from primary sources (Dick Basu 2001, p. 110). Donio, Massari and Passiante (2006, p.50) note that marketing is supposed to fulfill the desires of customers. This explains why marketing strategie s are supposed to build long term as well as mutually benefiting relationships between customers and the firm. In other words, the firm is supposed to deliver a true and ideal value to the market so that the tastes, demand and preferences of consumers are met in a timely manner. Marketing strategies survive through proper market analysis (Eakuru Mat 2008, p.130). Besides, controlled market variables give a firm the foundation to pursue desirable levels of consumer satisfaction (Elliot 2010, par. 2). Positioning, targeting and segmenting will be described and evaluated in the case of Michelin. These are the specific marketing tools which yield customer retention and loyalty. Precise utilization of product package differentiation and segmentation capitalize into dependable strategy (Haelsig et al 2007, p. 441). On the other hand, customer perceived value refers to the customers’ total assessment of the usefulness of products on the basis of perceptions of net benefit (Hemlock 2009, p. 55). It can be explained using an assessment criteria involving feedback from customers after a particular product has been used, evaluation during transaction and the general expectation before making a purchase. Customers need quality, monetary suitability in terms of price and non-monetary worth in terms of effort and time to develop interest in specific products of a firm. It will therefore be critical to point out the level of loyalty among customers of Michelin products. The research will obtain clients’ first hand information for the sake of accuracy and credibility of data. Studies indicate that the most typical and approved way to assess the customer perceived value of a company is to employ the buyer response research method which will of course be used in this case (Hennig-Thurau, Gwinner Gremler 2002, p. 239).Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Difference between the policies and rules that Michelin initiates in Europe and China After expanding to the Chinese market, Michelin had to modify its policies and rules in order to fit within the new market. While the company had been practicing strong values in terms of organizational culture in order to attract and retain customers, it was necessary for its management in China to evaluate as well as understand the new environment especially in regards to culture. For instance, Michelin in China has endeavored to cherish and relentlessly pursue its revamped organizational culture that seeks to uphold optimum respect for the environment, facts, shareholders, people and customers. The company’s operation in China has also witnessed a decent career management model that seeks to improve the capacity and training of its employees. The model is divided into four phases namely individual’s view, manager’s view, career manager’s view as well as periodic devel opment review. In addition, Michelin in China has adopted a robust performance appraisal system as well as a development process unlike in Europe. It is carried out both annually and periodically. The latter was found to be necessary in the new market in order to boost the performance of employees and overall brand image of the company in the new competitive and dynamic market. Study matters Most studies in the business field of customer loyalty outcomes dwell on the complainant behavior of customers, their specific purchase intentions and sensitivity to a company’s prices (Huddleston at al 2009, p. 71). This has been proven to be insufficient in investigating the conclusive loyalty exercised by companies’ consumers (Ibrahim Najjar 2008, p.32). This research seeks to investigate the loyalty depicted by Michelin’s customers specifically in the nation of China. It seeks to find out how the company has managed to attract and retain a lot of loyal customers. The sp ecific market strategies which have succeeded or failed in different situations are also a major concern. The study seeks to find out the criterion which has been used by companies in the Chinese market to make their goods in relation to convenience, price and quality. Convenience is taken as the effort and time which customers spend. Elements of market mix are the antecedents to value (Kanagai 2009, p.18). The quality of products will be evaluated in terms of monetary sacrifices made by customers. The efforts made by clients to do business will be discussed and researched as well. This will help in explaining how the company has been able to attain and retain loyal customers. Reasons for study This study investigates and explores how the business organization has maintained competitiveness. It investigates the challenges towards expansion and maintaining a stable share market. Globalization and innovations in technology has enabled consumers to become more informed (Kerin, Hartley Rudelius 2009, p. 101). It has given consumers more alternatives and opportunities of doing their purchases. This has called for customers to become more careful by making their choices become the most paramount aspect in the market (Kanagal 2009, p.11). It is important to study the behavior of customers. The study of a specific company like Michelin is a typical base to evaluate the price relationships in the market. This research seeks to explore the market of China. It will also help to highlight the most effective ways of capturing the loyalty of the dynamic Chinese market. It will investigate how the customers are able to keep on purchasing a product which is believed to be highly priced. The suspicion of customers will be considered and different persons will be given a chance to explain why they consider the use of complaints as the most effective way of communicating to their suppliers (Kotler 2005, p. 150). The positioning of Michelin in the market will also be investigate d. An exploration on how the company positions itself in making market strategies will be carried. The manipulation of all market elements to exceed the value of other competing firms is a strategy of establishing consumer loyalty (Kotler Armstrong 2008, p. 200). The use of mass marketing in China will be studied. Basically the general market environment which surrounds the firm will be scrutinized in detail. The study is therefore done to collect sufficient data which will be used by firms, the government and individual investors to make appropriate decisions in regards to the market. It aims at creating an ultimate awareness of the major factors which should be considered by any stakeholder in the Chinese market. The choice of one company will ensure that the others are able to learn without the formulation their own interventions. The management of Michelin will be placed in a good position to make better strategies in terms of making new business moves. Scope and compass of the study It has been found out that in the global industrial sector, the chances of running a successful business depend on the advance understanding of the general attitudes of the target customers (Kotler Keller 2006, p.70). On this note, this study is formulated to describe the ways of exerting an influence which yields customer loyalty. Customer intentions are critical in driving the market. The efforts put by a company to get into good relationships with customers have been realized to be the ones which make a firm more successful than others. Business principles in the industrial sector dictate that companies must ensure customer satisfaction in order to attain sustainable profitability (Mabel Aihie 2012, p.97). The government ensures that all consumers are supplied with good quality products and services. In order to comply with the regulative activities of the ministry of trade and commerce, a company must ensure that it examines all the variables which interact with its cus tomers. To be able to continue being profitable, Michelin has to emulate the viewpoint of both the government and the industrial researchers. Furthermore, the size of the company being investigated is very important. It has to be clearly understood that economies of scale come with a variety of other factors. Large companies need to have relatively sufficient knowledge of the details of the customers in their markets. This is because slight changes in the loyalty of clients result into relatively huge losses given that the company operates in a mode which yields high returns. Researcher studies have stated that large scale companies have a greater need of ensuring customer relations (Mabel Aihie 2012, p.98). This is explained by the fact that apart from being loyal to a particular firm, consumers attached to such companies often become loyal to specific brands manufactured by the same companies (Kanagai 2009, p.16). Indeed, it is very essential for all multinational companies to pa rticipate in this important research. The workers of a given company are well positioned to have access of customer responses. This is because customers find themselves in discussions which give honest feelings towards a company. In this scope of the matter, the employees have been used as very resourceful participants in investigating the loyalty of Michelin’s customers in China. Research methodology (Exploration and sampling strategies, data collection, analysis, validity and reliability) In order to make sure that the study achieves credible and reliable findings, interplay of data collection and research methodology has been used in investigating customer loyalty at Michelin. Both inductive and deductive strategies have been employed. The research exploration strategies used are a case study of Michelin in China, concept and semantic webbing, debating discussions with other scholars in the same field, open-ended questions, active assessments and theatrical questioning of customers in the market. The internet has been used to enrich the secondary findings of the research. The findings will also be collected widely and compiled. The combination of information from both online and offline sources will offer valuable and reliable data store formed during this research study (Dick Basu 2001, p. 110). The use of action study methodology is approved in business research studies. According to Bustillo and Lloyd (2009, p. 54), the two major approaches of researching have been employed. By using the citizen based style, the research is aimed at empowering the customer. This has been incorporated with bringing the desirable change. The participatory action research method will be used to recommend changes that ought to be executed at Michelin and any other interested company. The participatory research model will also ensure that outcomes offer guidance in the best way to trigger and nurture customer loyalty. Nonetheless, this action research style raises sev eral challenges. For instance the issues of validity, credibility, generalization, document value and reporting errors will have to be addressed. This particular method will enable this company to improve the practices which have direct impact on the loyalty of customers. In addition, keen attention will enable understanding of the changing situations in the competitive Chinese market. Companies which will choose to take part in the research at that time will be in a better position to boost their customer loyalty status. Using the instructional strategies which prompt action immediately after making findings will play a role in suggesting post research actions by the firms. Data will also be collected using observer notes. The practitioners will participate in the day to day activities of the company. This will enable them to make first hand observation on customer reactions and general responses. Establishing collaboration will help in ensuring trustworthiness of data. This will b e cultivated through the use of data triangulation which is expected to create collaborating evidence on all findings (Dick Basu 2001, p.111). The qualitative technique will be employed in ensuring effectiveness and consistency in the multiple customer evaluations. In other words, the solid findings collected directly from the market situation will be tested for validity using business principles. Testing datum will be applied to any data before it is validated for use. Strict interpretation against other findings will be used as a tool for increasing credibility (Elliott, 2010). Access Several challenges are expected in the execution of this study. These are basically some of the inevitable difficulties that may be encountered in the due process of conducting the research study. It is important to note that all factors which limit the accessibility of participants have a great impact on the overall research findings. The research is therefore going to be done with various restrict ions in mind. In any case, the lack of adequate access to information in the process of conducting research will be alleviated by ensuring that all possible barriers are indentified early in advance (Swoboda, Morschett Schramm-Klein 2007, p. 339). Measures will be taken to review all arrangements of data collection and analysis. The key area of access should be maintained as a pivotal mark. This will ensure that quality findings are fully and accurately compiled. The final reports given by all participants will be treated keenly to ensure that the respondents do not have a feeling of being used by researchers with no gain (Chris, Greg Suzan 2012, p.150). In order to ensure that the participants are fully accessed, Michelin or any other party which decides to do this research should aspire to cover the nationwide market in China. This is the reason why the research is open and allows the input of all interested parties. Moreover, a reliable Gantt chart (shown on the next page) has been formulated to give the research schedule which will be followed during the research process. Figure 1: Gantt chart Conclusion The most dependable definition of customer loyalty establishment in regards to this study is the process of attracting customers, persuading them to buy a company’s products and services as well as hospitable treatment. The aforementioned practices within an organization will definitely attract customers and sway their purchasing needs towards particular products. The study will achieve typical and useful information since it will focus on Michelin’s email marketing which has been appealing to customers. The manner in which the team in China has been treated over time determines how they have been treating customers. This is not preconceptions bearing in mind that studies have shown that if a company cares for its employees, it directly and positively affects how customers are served on a daily basis. The choices made by customers and clie nts at Michelin are not beyond the control of the company. In addition, the company will be able to come up with appropriate market strategies after doing an assessment of its customer relations in China. The company also needs to get the facts on the loyalty of its customers in order to come up with inspirational and motivational activities. References Bloemer, J. Odekerken-Schrà ¶der, G 2002, â€Å"Store satisfaction and store loyalty explained bycustomer- and store-related factors,† Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfactionand Complaining Behavior, vol. 15 no. 2, pp. 68-80. Bustillo, M. Lloyd, M 2009, â€Å"Best Buy seeks female shoppers,† Wall Street Journal, vol. 17 no.3, pp.45-68. Cengiz, E. Yayla, H 2007, â€Å"The effect of marketing mix on positive word of mouth communication: Evidence from accounting offices in Turkey†, Innovative Marketing, vol. 3 no. 4, pp. 73-86. Chris, B., Greg, E. Suzan, B 2012, â€Å"Modeling customer satisfaction a nd loyalty: survey data versus data mining†, The Journal of Services Marketing vol. 26 no. 3, pp. 148-157. Christopher, B 2012, â€Å"The dynamics of satisfaction and loyalty after relational transgressions†, The Journal of Services Marketing vol. 26 no. 2, pp. 94-101. Cronin, J., Brady, M. Hult, G 2000, â€Å"Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments†, Journal of Retailing, vol. 76 no.2, pp.193-218. Dick, A. Basu, K 2001, â€Å"Customer loyalty: Toward an integrated conceptual framework†, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 22 no. 2, pp. 99-113. Donio, J., Massari, P. Passiante, G 2006, â€Å"Customer satisfaction and loyalty in a digitalenvironment: An empirical test,† Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 23 no. 7, pp. 445-457. Eakuru, N. Mat, N 2008, â€Å"The application of structural equation modeling (SEM) indetermining the antecedents of custo mer loyalty in banks in South Thailand,† The Business Review, Cambridge, vol. 10 no. 2, pp. 129-139. Elliott, C 2010, Confessions of a frequent-flyer program skeptic. Web. Haelsig, F. et al 2007, â€Å"An intersector analysis of the relevance of service in building a strong retail brand,† Managing Service Quality, vol. 17 no.4, pp. 428-448. Hemlock, D 2009, â€Å"What’s next for Saturn?† South Florida Sun-Sentinel, vol. 10 no.5 pp.34-57. Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K Gremler, D 2002, â€Å"Understanding relationship marketing outcomes: An integration of relational benefits and relationship quality,† Journal of Service Research, vol. 4 no.3, pp. 230-247. Huddleston, P. et al 2009, â€Å"Customer satisfaction in foodretailing: Comparing specialty and conventional grocery stores. International’, Journal of Retail Distribution Management, vol. 37 no.1, pp. 63-80. Ibrahim, H. Najjar, F 2008, â€Å"Relationship bonding tactics, personality tra its, relationshipquality and customer loyalty: Behavioral sequence in retail environment,† The Icfai University Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 6 no. 4, pp. 1-37. Kanagal, N 2009, â€Å"Role of relationship marketing in competitive marketing strategy,† Journal of Management and Marketing Research, vol. 2 no.4, pp. 1-17. Kerin, R., Hartley, S. Rudelius, W 2009, Marketing, McGraw-HillIrwin, Boston. Kotler, P Armstrong, G 2008, Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River. Kotler, P Keller, K 2006, Marketing Management (12th ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River. Kotler, P 2005, According to Kotler: The World’s Foremost Authority on Marketing Answers Your Questions, AMACOM, New York. Mabel, K. Aihie, O 2012, â€Å"Remedy or cure for service failure?†, Business Process Management Journal vol. 18 no. 1, pp. 82-103.

HRM- Report - As HR Manager at Kenworth Hotels Essay

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In contrast, when people become empowered, they can exercise choices and have the possibility of maximising their potential and living full and active lives.   There is a tension between enabling people to take control of their lives and recognising that workers may need to intervene and take control sometimes, in order to protect other people. This applies to both empowerment and advocacy. Empowerment for people with learning disabilities is the process by which they develop increased skills to take control of their lives. This will help them achieve goals and aspirations, maximising their quality of life. A key feature in empowering people is giving them a voice and actively listening to what they have to say. Empowerment is, therefore, closely linked to the concept of advocacy. Empowerment in learning disability can be described as a social process, whereby people who are considered as belonging to a stigmatised social group can be assisted to develop increased skills to take control of their lives. This increased control will help them to achieve their goals and aspirations and thus potentially maximise the quality of their lives. The concept has connections with assertiveness and independence and is clearly linked to the various forms of advocacy. When considering the current climate it is somewhat an indictment on our times that the Government sees the need to name the White Paper regarding its vision for learning disability services as Valuing People. The title alone inversely suggests that as a society we are not valuing people. The content presents the evidence on levels of exclusion, disempowerment and lack of valued social roles facing those with a learning disability and how services should be planned to address this. (A similar Scottish Executive Review of Learning Disability has the title The Same As You.) For the individual with a learning disability, the subjective experience of empowerment is about rights, choice and control which can lead them to a more autonomous lifestyle. For the professional, it is about anti-oppressive practice, balancing rights and responsibilities and supporting choice and empowerment whilst maintaining safe and ethical practice. Education is often seen as the main engine of empowerment, equality and rights of access. Thus, as a group, people with a learning disability can be at a particular disadvantage. They may have to be enabled and supported to perhaps overcome social obstacles and can be dependent on others to make important information accessible to them, assist them with advocacy and help safeguard their rights. A key feature in empowering individuals is giving them a voice and then listening actively to what they have got to say. Person Centred Planning with its focus on placing the individual at the centre of the process and using techniques to obtain meaningful participation can be a major contribution to finding out what people have got to say. Empowerment will bring along with it rights and responsibilities plus also potential risks for people. It is often the fear of physical risk which can inhibit empowerment processes for people who see themselves as responsible for vulnerable people. They may fear a blame culture if things go wrong. Surprisingly, as recently as 1998, the Social Services Inspectorate noted there were no systematic approaches for risk assessment and management in the field of learning disability. The Foundation for People with a Learning Disability set out to identify good practice in how to reconcile the tension between ensuring the safety of an individual with a learning disability and empowering them to enjoy a full life in the community. A report was produced called Empowerment and Protection (Alaszewski et al, 1999) which suggested that organisations needed to develop risk policies which embrace both protection and empowerment issues at the same point. The definition of risk should look at consequences and probability. Procedures should also include, from the start, the wishes and needs of the person who has the learning disability and involve them  throughout, including the decision making stage. Such comments about organisations developing appropriate risk strategies show that empowerment is not there just  as a concept for front line staff, but should penetrate the strategic planning levels. Valuing People states (Section 4.27) that people with a learning disability should be consulted for their views on services and these views utilised at a corporate planning level. In Mrs Ali case she is empowered by Muslim religious faith to take of her bed-bound husband although in contrast her care taker Jean believes that Mrs Ali should be empowered. This indicates religion also empower some people to take care vulnerable people.

The Book of Kells by R.A. Macavoy Essay -- The Book of Kells Christian

The Book of Kells by R.A. Macavoy The Book of Kells is an illuminated manuscript from the eighth century. It is currently located at Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland. The images and icons in this book of gospels are Christian; however, the style of the work is pre-Christian in origin. Since the illustrations show both Irish and Germanic influences, they are referred to as Hiberno-Saxon art. The Book of Kells is called an insular manuscript, because its script is in a style known as â€Å"Insular majuscule,† a style that was common at that time in Ireland (Meehan 9). The Book of Kells represents a high point in the development of Hiberno-Saxon illumination. In the words of the art historian Carl Nordenfalk, the manuscript is a work of â€Å"exquisite perfection† (118). This paper will discuss the Book of Kells in an effort to examine its artistic and historic contribution. In the sixth century, the Christian Church began spreading its influence by establishing monasteries throughout Europe. The people of Ireland had begun converting to Christianity, as early as the fifth century, and by the seventh century, the nation had become an integral part of the Church’s international monastic system. The monks of the Irish monasteries took religious texts and decorated them, thereby creating what are today known as illuminated manuscripts. The ornamentation of these texts included large, ornate initial letters, interlace patterns, human, animal and religious figures, and various symbolic and iconographic motifs. There were many Irish illuminated books of this period; however, the Book of Kells was the most magnificent of all (Meehan 9-10). The Book of Kells, is a Latin version of the gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. The Book of Kells, was quite large and was usually placed at the altar (NGA 2000). Although the Book of Kells is Christian in theme and principle, its illuminated decorations illustrate a pagan origin. The Irish monks who produced the illuminated manuscripts retained local artists to do the artwork (Nordenfalk 109). The designs and motifs that the, recently converted, artists used were similar to those used by traditional metalworkers and goldsmiths of the time. Therefore, many of the designs of Christian manuscripts have a likeness to the embellishments found on helmets, shields and other ancient pagan artifac... ...ging Christian and pagan motifs, the end result was the creation of an entirely new art form. The Book of Kells and other insular gospels of that time made an influential contribution to the further development of illuminated manuscripts. Thus, it is apparent that the Book of Kells had an important influence on later artists. In addition, because the Book of Kells provided an artistic treatment of the Christian gospels, it helped further the spread of Christianity in Europe. Works Cited Henderson, George. From Durrow to Kells: The Insular Gospel- Books, 650-800. London: Thames and Hudson, 1987. MacCorkill, Nancy A. â€Å"Scottish Highlands and Islands – The Celtic Site.† 1 June 1997. http://members.aol.com/heather130/celtic.html Meehan, Bernard. The Book of Kells: An Illustrated Introduction to the Manuscript in Trinity College Dublin. London: Thames and Hudson, 1994. National Gallery of Australia (NGA) Official Website. â€Å"The Book of Kells and The Art of Illumination.† 2000. http://www.nga.gov.au/kells/Index.htm Nordenfalk, Carl. Early Medieval Painting from the Fourth to the Eleventh Centuries. Lausanne, Switzerland: Editions d’Art Albert Skira, 1957.

Breach of Contract and Remedies Essay

For the injured party within a breached contract to claim for remedies whether it was agreed on at the time of writing the contract or an decided at a later time, both the injured party and the other party (e.g. a business and a customer) will have to go to court to decide what kind of remedy will occur to the injured party fairly to the proportion to the damaged done. Courts There would be cases where without the courts present when there has been a breach of contract, injured party may claim more than the total damaged done or may receive insufficient amount compared to the damaged occurred. To avoid this, the case will be given in court to ensure that based on the breach of contract and the damaged occurred it could be an unbiased solution and done fairly up to satisfactory. Depending on the type of cases of the breached contract, there are three main civil courts where both parties can hear their cases which are the Small Claims court, the County Court and the High Court. For example if T-Mobile and a customer where in a dispute of the breach of contract, they would apply for a court hearing where the case will give to a judge who will be a case manager for T-Mobile and the customer. Depending on the seriousness and the remedy or the amount the injured party can claim, the case manager will allocate and place the case to the appropriate court to carry out this case. If the dispute were between T-Mobile and an individual customer may be assigned to Small Court as they deal with small claims cases. If the dispute was with T-Mobile and a business, it may be assigned to a County Court as the claims would be higher than Small Courts. If it was with T-Mobile and a multi-million business or a manufacturer / supplier, it may be assigned to a High Court where complex cases are looked into. At the time of breach of contract, whether there has been a remedy within the contract agreed upon or not, the injured party will be able to take this case to court to be able get a better remedy sentenced given by the Judge from T-Mobile. When there is a breach of contract, the injured party will be compensated for the damaged caused. Small claims court Out of the three types of court, Small Claim is smaller and is part of the County Court. The Small Claim court will usually deal with smaller or less important claims which include contractual and business disputes. The business that usually goes to the Small Claim courts are to claim from failure for supplying goods and services that does not exceed or go above  £5,000. As these types of claims are usually common, it will be easy for the judge to make a clear decision simply based on the case put forward without the need of seeing the documents. As it is clear for decision to be finalised only legal advice may be given but not encouraged to have representative present in court. Also payment for legal help is not allowed, this could be because the Small Claim court will have a quick and efficient case being closed which means that it could reduce the parties cost in court. For example, if there were a dispute between T-Mobile and a customer and maybe T-Mobile may have not supplied a service to the customers several days although the customer has recently paid for the service. The customer will be able to claim for damages. Since for T-Mobile this dispute could be considered a small amount as they are a big and well known business worldwide, they are able to have this dispute finalised at the Small Claim court where the customer would be able to claim for damages. Knowingly T-Mobile would not be paying more than  £5,000. Depending on the claims and damages occurred to the injured party, T-Mobile may not lose as much money that could impact their profit margins on a monthly basis nationwide. When a customer is the injured party and the case has gone to a Small Claim Court, the customer may not benefit as the judge may have made up their mind of the remedy given to the injured party. This may not give the injured party a chance to be able to speak out or give their input about the severity of the breach of contract cause by T-Mobile. As a legal representative may not be present or speak on behalf of the injured party, the customer will need to accept the remedy declared by the judge given by T-Mobile. It may not be what the injured party wanted but may need to accept. T-Mobile will be forced to give the remedy even it was agreed upon within the contract. For example, the injured party (party) may have expected to receive cash for the damaged caused but the judge may allow T-Mobile to give a contract of choice without the need of payment from the customer. This may benefit T-Mobile more than the injured party as the amount of remedy may be limited and only  the gathering of the documents given to the judge will be able to make a decision of the remedy given to the injured party. The remedy that may be given could be cash back to the injured party as T-Mobile may have charged them for unwanted services. Or it could be a small fine to T-Mobile for not giving the cash back in the first place to resolve this dispute such as unliquidated damage as a remedy to the injured party. County court This type of court will deal with bigger cases, a fast track case where it is worth between  £5,000 to  £15,000. The difference between County court and Small claim court is that the County court will have a jurisdiction involved to hear people’s cases in court. The County Court will deal with larger cases such as recovery of land, bankruptcies, company wind up, consumer’s credit and copyright matters. Compared to the Small Claim Court, the County Court is more formal and cases will be heard by a circuit judge who acts as a senior judge who will make decision on the case. Also they will be able to have a legal representation to have the parties have their cases represented to the judge. As well as the small claim court, help and advice will be available from the court and also will allow a person to claim against another. For example if T-Mobile were to be in dispute with another business causing more than  £5,000 of damages for not meeting the business needs for supplying services such as being their internet provider. This could be part of company wind up for T-Mobile. As another business is a client of T-Mobile, T-Mobile has not been able to meet the term of the agreement or has caused a breach of contract. The damage cause will be far too great to be dealt with in the Small Claim Court and may need to be dealt in a County Court where both parties will have a legal representation to present their cases to the Circuit Judge. If the judge reviews the case and conclude that T-Mobile were not able to keep to their agreement, the judge would be able to decide the penalty and the amount of damages the business will be able to claim. The County Court will allow the injured party to have a legal representation. This means that for the customer will be able to have a written report or have the legal representative empathise more on the damaged caused by T-Mobile. If the injured party is able to get more than they expect for remedy, this could benefit the injured party than T-Mobile. However the type of customer that will be taken to the County Court may need  to fulfil some criteria to be able to be eligible to be in the County Court. This could be the depending on the amount of damaged caused or the type of customer that could be more significant than an individual person in a mobile contract with T-Mobile. To be in the County Court, the injured party or the damaged cause may need to be significant for additional documents and a legal representation to be present to give their case to the judge. As County Court is greater than Small Claim Court, the remedy that may need to be given to the injured party would be greater, this could mean a larger fine to T-Mobile than the fine in Small Claim Court. The fine would be greater because the product or service to the injured party would have been significant and the damaged cause would have lead to be dealt with in a County Court for example supplying a faulty machinery that should have been sophisticated and be robust from malfunctions. Remedy such as unliquidated damages may occur. High court In the UK, High Court is the most senior of the first instance civil court; this is where many cases are dealt with if it is a high priority or a sensitive case. The High Court is divided into three divisions which are the Queen’s Bench Division, The Chancery Division and The Family Division. The Queen’s Bench Division is a part of the High court that takes and hears multi-track contract cases. These cases usually consist of involving and dealing with large sum of money or complex point of law. The Queen’s Bench Division will deal with business matters which makes it act as a Commercial Court dealing with matters such as insurance, banking etc. They will also hear civil appeals from the County Court. The Chancery Division is another part of the High Court that deals with the financial matters of equity and fairness such as taxation, bankruptcies, mortgages etc. The Family Division will deal with the family law such taking and dealing with cases such as divorce and adoption. The Family Division may have a little role when it comes to cases of business matters. For example if T-Mobile was in a contract or agreement with a large business or supplier and there has been a breach of contract and the damage was too great to be dealt with in the County Court, then it may need to go to the High Court. If the matters were to involve large sum of money, they will need to go to the Queen’s Bench Division. As they may have been negligence on T-Mobile behalf, the Queen’s  Bench Division will be able to oversee the case and conclude the damage the injured party will be able to claim and fine the party that carried out the damages. If T-Mobile was working with a third party to supplier many of their products to in order to expand their coverage of sales and T-Mobile may have not been able to meet some of the terms of the contract which may have led to the third party to break promises and be in a position of distress. It may be liable to T-Mobile where large of money has been lost or have not been cleared out on T-Mobile behalf. This case may have been dealt with in the Queen’s Bench Division of the High Court. The High Court is such a prestigious court this means that for a T-Mobile case to occur there, the case may need to be important and greater than the case in County Court. As the importance of the case will be significant this will mean that normal customer may not be in the High Court unless other aspect that is a serious matter is involved possible relating to other organisation or international matters. This could usually be between business to business. As businesses have a lot more to lose than an individual customer of T-Mobile, the dispute may need to solved in the high court where the case could last for a few days. When there is a breach of contract between business, the injured party will be able to sue T-Mobile and this could be in huge numbers. T-Mobile customer that walk in to their store a sign a contract may not be eligible for a High court case rather business to business that are both well known in the media whether it is domestic or international, a breach of contract may disrupt the service of both business until the dispute has been resolved. As the case would be in a High court, the damaged caused to the injured would be significant to be dealt with in a County Court where millions of pounds of damaged could have occurred. This could show that the remedy given would be much more significant. This could be a huge fine to the injurer party (T-Mobile) however is certain cases the judge may issue an injunction or specific performance as a remedy to the injured party. Time limit When there is a breach of contract between two parties, the injured party will be allowed to claim for a remedy however, the claim of a remedy has a time limit. The Legislation Act 1980 has made it clear for the claim of remedy to have a time limit. This means that once a dispute has occurred  between the two parties caused by the breach of contract, the injured party will have a time limit of 6 years to be able to claim the remedy. In certain situation, such as the sale of land will have a time limit of 12 years of breach to be able to claim for remedy. There may be certain circumstances where the time limit to claim for remedy may extend if fraud has been involved within the breach of contract or the party claiming has a disability of lack capacity. In the case of T-Mobile, if there was a dispute to occur where T-Mobile may have not fulfil its duty to provide a service, in the Terms and Condition it states that it is up to the customer or consumer to tell T-Mobile about the damag ed caused and the claim that will be carried out as soon as possible. Although the Legislation Act says up to 6 years. Under the Data Protection Act, T-Mobile may not have the details or the information of the customer if they have previously terminated the contract and discarded the details of the customer. This could prove to be difficult for the customer to claim for remedy if there is no evidence to back up the breach of contract. I think that at the time of breach of contract whether if the customer check their phone bill and has been charged outrageous amount or charging the customer for service they did not agree to at the time of writing the contract, the customer may notify T-Mobile immediately about this incident. If the case has not been solved, this may be taken to a Small Claim court where the decision will be made swiftly and fair for both parties, if not to the injured party. With contract with retail customer, the dispute would have been resolved efficiently without the need of a court hearing to settle the dispute, this can show that with minor incidents the Legislation Act 1980 for the time limit may not be needed. However if the breach of contract were to be between T-Mobile and another business and the dispute has not been resolved within the time limit of 6 years, then the injured party will be able to bring up the case to the court to be resolved if it has been bought up within 6 year to be resolved. Conclusion In a presence of a breach of contract between T-Mobile and another party, based on the amount of damaged caused the case may be able to go to one of the three courts which are Small Claim Court, County Court or the High Court. With T-Mobile making different contract whether it is standard form  contracts or tailored to be in an agreement between both parties, T-Mobile may go to any of these courts depending on the severity of the damaged occurred at the time of breach of contract. Along with these court different remedy may be given to the injured party for example, unliquidated damage, injection or specific performance carried out. If T-Mobile were to use standard form contract, the terms and condition would be generic for all of their customers that have agreed to the terms which could mean that it may be easier or simpler for T-Mobile not to breach the contracts as they were the company that have created it in order to fit their purpose as a business. Also T-Mobile will need to consider all of the legislation acts such as the Sales of Goods Act, Contract (right of Third Parties) Act or The Consumer Protection (Distance selling) Regulation which will be enforced on to T-Mobile to follow in order to continue trading within the UK. This could also include T-Mobile not to make sure that within the contract has a misrepresentation which could cause serious harm to the company if it were to be found out during the breach of contract. The judge may be able to place serious offence on to T-Mobile as it could lead to a criminal offence to the business which could result of the company or person within the management to take blame of this incident which may have caused many customers to agree to a term that may have cause certain damage to them. Many businesses will need to make sure that when creating a contract with many different parties, they are able to create terms and condition or promises to one another in order to carry out once there has been an agreement to it as once the contract has been agreed on, and it will be legally binding. Both express and implied terms would be included to create a set of promises and remedies stated if there occurred a breach of contract.

The Best IB Physics Study Guide and Notes for SL

The Best IB Physics Study Guide and Notes for SL/HL SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips IB Physics HL and SL are difficult courses. Even with the best teacher, you will likely need to spend some time studying on your own to understand the most difficult concepts covered in the course. I remember I did when I took IB Physics HL. In this study guide, I've compiled links to all of the best free IB Physics study guides so you can easily find notes on the topic you're interested in. I organized this guide using the IB Physics syllabus. How to Use This IB Physics Study Guide If there is one topic that you need to review, use the Command + F function on your keyboard to search this guide for that topic. For instance, if you want to study Relativity, use Command + F to bring up the search function. Type â€Å"Relativity† and it will bring you to all of the material for Relativity. If you are looking for overall study material for the IB Physics Exam, skip to the end of this guide to the Overall Reviews section for great overall study resources. First, I give you resources by IB Physics Topic. I label the resources as: Quick Reference: a one-page summary of the material if you just need a quick refresher. Longer Notes: notes (generally 3-10 pages) if you are looking for a more in-depth explanation. Slideshow: PowerPoint presentation on the material. Video: video reviews of topics and demonstrations of how to solve problems related to that topic. Topic 1: Measurements and Uncertainties Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Measurements and Uncertainties 1.1 Measurements in Physics Quick Reference 1.2 Uncertainties and Errors Quick Reference 1.3 Vectors and Scalars Quick Reference Topic 2: Mechanics Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Mechanics 2.1 Motion Quick Reference 2.2 Forces Quick Reference 2.3 Work, Energy, Power Quick Reference: Work, Energy Power 2.4 Momentum and Impulse Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Topic 3: Thermal Physics Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Thermal Physics Videos for Thermal Physics 3.1 Thermal Concepts 3.2 Modelling a Gas Topic 4: Waves Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Waves Videos for Waves 4.1 Oscillations Quick Reference: Forced Oscillations and Resonance Quick Reference: Simple Harmonic Motion Quick Reference: Energy Changes during Simple Harmonic Motion 4.2 Travelling Waves 4.3 Wave Characteristics Quick Reference 4.4 Wave Behaviour Quick Reference: Wave Properties 4.5 Standing Waves Topic 5: Electricity and Magnetism Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows for Electricity and Magnetism 5.1 Electric Fields Video: Electric Force and Field 5.2 Heating Effects of Electric Currents 5.3 Electric Cells 5.4 Magnetic Effects of Electric Currents Topic 6: Circular Motion and Gravitation Slideshows 6.1 Circular motion Quick Reference: Uniform Circular Motion 6.2 Newton’s law of gravitation Video: Gravitation and even more on Gravitation Topic 7: Atomic, Nuclear and Particle Physics Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 7.1 Discrete Energy and Radioactivity Video: Atoms and Electrons 7.2 Nuclear Reactions Video: Energy Levels, Photons, Bohr’s Model 7.3 The Structure of Matter Topic 8: Energy Production Longer Overall Topic Notes 8.1 Energy sources 8.2 Thermal energy transfer Additional HL Topics Topic 9: Wave Phenomena Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 9.1 Simple Harmonic Motion 9.2 Single-Slit Diffraction 9.3 Interference 9.4 Resolution 9.5 Doppler Effect Topic 10: Fields Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 10.1 Describing Fields 10.2 Fields at Work Topic 11: Electromagnetic Induction Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 11.1 Electromagnetic Induction 11.2 Power Generation and Transmission 11.3 Capacitance Topic 12: Quantum and Nuclear Physics Longer Overall Topic Notes Slideshows 12.1 The Interaction of Matter with Radiation 12.2 Nuclear Physics Options Option A: Relativity Longer Overall Topic Notes A.1 The Beginnings of Relativity A.2 Lorentz Transformations A.3 Spacetime Diagrams Additional Higher Level Concepts A.4 Relativistic Mechanics A.5 General Relativity Option B: Engineering Physics B.1 Rigid Bodies and Rotational Dynamics B.2 Thermodynamics H3: Additional Higher Level Concepts B.3 Fluids and Fluid Dynamics B.4 Forced Vibrations and Resonance Option C: Imaging C.1 Introduction to Imaging C.2 Imaging Instrumentation C.3 Fibre Optics Additional Higher Level Concepts C.4 Medical Imaging Option D: Astrophysics Longer Overall Topic Notes D.1 Stellar Quantities D.2 Stellar Characteristics and Stellar Evolution D.3 Cosmology Additional Higher Level Concepts D.4 Stellar Processes D.5 Further Cosmology Overall Reviews These are notes, practice, questions, and videos covering all of the IB Physics topics mentioned above. These are great resources to use when reviewing for the IB Physics exam. Practice questions for every topic Core topics 1-4 notes Core topics 5-6 notes More physics videos Tips for Using These IB Physics Notes Now that you know where to find IB Physics notes, what's the best way to use them? Follow these three tips to get the most out of your notes. #1: Don't Ignore a Topic That You Don't Understand If you learn about a new topic in class and don't quite understand it, it can be be tempting to just forget about it and move onto the next lesson. Don't do this! The longer you wait to go over the topic, the harder it will be to actually understand it because you will have forgotten more of what you learned about it in class. If you're not sure of a certain concept or equation, use these notes to learn more, read the corresponding chapter in your textbook, and/or ask your teacher for more explanation. #2: Review Material Throughout the Year There are so many topics you cover in IB Physics that if you do not keep up with the material during the school year, you will find it nearly impossible to catch up. Don't wait until the last minute to begin your review. You will not be able to master it all in a few days or even a few weeks (which is why the class is taught over 1 to 2 years). Make sure you conquer the topics when your teacher covers it in class. Use this study guide for additional help. #3: Don't Forget About Practice Tests Practice tests are also a key part of studying. Once you feel you're pretty confident with your knowledge of the material, take a few practice exams to get a feel for what to expect on test day. Check out our guide on IB Physics past papers for free resources you can use. What’s Next? Want more IB Physics study resources? Access more IB physics study tools by looking at past IB Physics papers. We also have a few articles on the PrepScholar blog that you might find helpful for physics studying. Read up on the law of conservation of mass, the specific heat of water, and the formulas you need to calculate acceleration. Not sure which other IB classes to take? Learn more about the other IB classes offered and which IB classes are offered online. Almost finished with your IB courses? Check out our guide to learn when your IB exam scores will be available. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

New Service Development Essay Essay Example

New Service Development Essay Essay Example New Service Development Essay Essay New Service Development Essay Essay New Service Development (NSD) Essay The difference between the new product development process (NPD) and the new service development process (NSD) is the involvement of customers in services. A service is an intangible good that relies and focuses heavily on customer involvement and experience. Four main characteristics of services outlined by Alam Perry (2002) are intangibility, heterogeneity, perishability and inseparability and it is because of these characteristics that the NSD and NPD process differ. Whilst extensive research has been carried out in the area of NPD, little attention has been paid to the specifics of NSD. Three key issues have been outlined by Alam and Perry (2002). The first issue is that little effort has been made to propose NSD models. Only two linear NSD models have been proposed however neither address important stages such as the development of the cross-functional team or parallel processing which leads to cycle time reduction. Secondly there is limited knowledge of the nature of the NSD stages in service firms and how they are to be managed. Finally Alam and Perry highlighted that many firms don’t realise the importance of the customer because they do not obtain information or involve them in their NSD process. The role of the customer in a service is the most crucial. Unlike a mass produced product, a service is an experience, which involves a heterogenic interaction between the customer and the service provider. A service is more flexible than a product and able to meet the changing needs of the customer more quickly. In order to be successful, services need to meet the customers’ individual needs hopefully leaving a positive impression on the customer. Services are continually evaluated by the customer, with the customer evaluating the sum of its parts; if one area performs poorly, then the whole service results in a low evaluation. This is why feedback at every stage of the service is essential. Feedback allows the service provider to identify areas that need development in order to improve the customers’ next experience. With this in mind Alam and Perry (2002) suggest a NSD process that is customer orientated, involving the customer in all stages of the NSD process outlined in the below table. Alam and Perry (2002) propose 2, 10 stage NSD models, one linear and one parallel. The model incorporates the key stages of idea generation, idea screening and the development of a cross-functional team. By providing a parallel model, Alam and Perry offer a NSD process that suggest stages that can be carried out concurrently in order to fast track development. Such a process is very useful in the development of services where speed is essential due to threats of competitor replication (service ideas cannot be patented). In contrast, the NPD process is much slower (whilst speed is still important) it is essential that the product be perfected before it is launched. Products are able to be patented whilst service ideas are not which is why the element of speed is a differentiating factor between the NSD and NPD process. However they still suggest a sequential, linear model which would result in a more thorough NSD process to be carried out. The appropriateness of each model depends on individual circumstances. When developing a new service it is belived that customer orientation creates superior customer value and service quality inevitably enhancing customer satisfaction. This highlights the necessity of involving the customer at each stage of the NSD process as Alam and Perry (2002) suggest in their model. Additionally, service delivery personnel are in the best position to receive feedback from the customer because they are in actual contact with the customers. Crawford Di Benedetto (2011) recommend that service delivery personnel be involved in the concept generation phase whereby they can provide real-life insight, identifying problem areas and offer their solutions. This is similar to the NPD stage of problem based ideation, whereby they discover and analyse the problem in order to fix it. However Because new services are much easier to implement than the generation of an entire product, the NSD process is much faster with a constant flow of ideas able to be developed. service design/development stages? Alam and Perry (2002) ‘Customers input in new service development process’ | New Service development Stage| Activities performed by customers| Strategic planning| Feedback on financial data| Idea generation| State needs, problems and their solution, criticise xisting service; identify gaps in the market; provide a wish list; state new service adoption criteria| Idea screening| Suggest rough sales guide and market size; suggest desired benefits and attributes; show reactions to the concepts; liking; preference and purchase intent of all concepts; help producer with go/no go decision| Business analysis| Limited feedback on financial da ta, including profitability of the concepts, competitors data| Formation of cross functional team| Join top management in selecting team members| Service design and process system design| Review and jointly develop the blue prints; suggest improvements by identifying fail points; observe the service delivery trial by the firm personnel| Personnel training| Observe and participate in mock service delivery process; suggest improvements| Service testing and pilot run| Participate in a simulated service delivery processes; suggest final improvements and design change| Test marketing| Comments on the marketing plan, detailed comments about their satisfaction of marketing mixes; suggest desired improvements| Commercialization| Adopt the service as a trial; feedback about overall performance of the service along with desired improvements, if any; word of mouth communications to other potential customers| In Conclusion the NSD process is a process that should be intertwined with the custome r, treating the customer as a partner in their quest for better services. Customer involvement is needed to develop a superior service with better value for customers. It is suggested that a sequential and linear process should be used unless time restraints call for a parallel process where stages can be carried out concurrently. Managers should strive to develop services that match customer needs.

Employment training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Employment training - Essay Example The main objective of the human resource requirement would be to coordinate their activities with others and also the accomplishment of the goals and objectives of the organization. The human resource professional spend a considerable time in improvement in area such as recruitments, selection, training and development. The main objective of the HR management would be the attainment of the specific goals and objectives. The major objective of the study would be to focus on several components of the employment training in strategic human resource management and its related activities. The author of the study would also be highlighting the various components of the formal and training imparted to the employees of the organization. Finally, the study will conclude with recommendations which can improve the various managerial situations by imparting knowledge through training and development programs. Training & Development Most of the employees look for learning and grab eventful opport unities as they seek for employment (Cabrera, 2009). To facilitate for employment opportunities and progression most of the companies spend a considerable amount of time and money on training and development programs. The main objective of the training and development program would be to improve the existing job and development processes. ... Effective training would helps in considering the work options which can improve the effectiveness in the work procedure. Training is also referred to skill development programs which help in the presentation of specific and commitments that develop the skills and behaviour that can be transferred to the workplace. It is also referred to the skill development options, which help in the presentation of specific actions and commitments and enhancement of the skills of the employees. Organizational development can be referred to building the capacity of the organization and sustain a few desired process that benefits the entire organization on the whole. This helps in the examination of the present environment and also identification of various strategies that will helps in the rectification of the errors and also improvement in the existing managerial process. Employment training helps the management to run the managerial functions in different manner and provides a structured format a nd how they can help in contribution to the organizational success. Traditional concepts of HR related to the training and developmental are not related to modern day techniques and concepts and are not always applicable to changing market dynamics. Training and development has not only enhanced the knowledge and skills of the employees but also has improved the thinking ability of the individual and lays emphasis on the reinvention and reengineering process of the organization. The contemporary HR techniques are highly sophisticated and allow the employees to imbibe the innovativeness which can bring about the dramatic changes in the marketing environment. It also helps in deciding upon the future of the organization by stemming

Marketing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing Strategies - Essay Example The main purpose of this essay is to develop an effective marketing strategy for Global Bikes Co. considering various significant aspects. The different major aspects include the identification of the target market, setting marketing objectives and the facets of marketing mix strategies of Global Bikes. Section 2: Target Market The target market for Global Bikes can be identified by executing certain market segmentation variables on the basis of four major categories that include demographic, psychographic, geographic and behavioural environment. The important market segmentation variable of the demographic environment is concerned with the aspect of age structure. Fundamentally, the demographic environment is very much important for the business organisations due to the fact that it significantly deals with certain vital components such as market size and population among others. In this regard, Global Bikes must consider the significant factors of age structure in relation to the s egmentation variable of demographic environment while implementing its marketing strategies. In this connection, the company should emphasise largely upon the different age groups of different people that include the teenage, children, young, old age and adults. Thus, it can be stated that the Global Bikes should target its customers or people belonging to the age group of 10-50 years that largely constitute the students, workers and children among others (Thomas, 2007). In terms of segmentation variable in relation to psychographic market environment, the Global Bikes should consider the lifestyle factor of the target consumers that generally include their attitudes, interests, emotions, values as well as beliefs. With the intention of developing effective marketing strategies, it is very much necessary for the business organisations such as Global Bikes to strictly consider the attitudes and the interests of the consumers regarding the purchase of their products. In this context, regarding psychographic market segmentation, the target market or the consumers of Global Bikes would be those customers who enthusiastically possess utmost interest towards the products such as bicycles and related accessories. This particular consideration upon the interests along with the attitudes of the customers on the basis of psychographic or lifestyle market segmentation ultimately would contribute to attain noteworthy competitive position along with expected business goals for the company (Wright, 2006). With due consideration to the behavioural market environment, Global Bikes should emphasise upon the segmentation variable of knowledge of particular products, adequate implementation of the products along with the development of understanding regarding the responses towards the different products that are generally represented by the customers. In this context, the behavioural aspects based market segmentation tends to encourage the marketer or the business organisation t o possess deeper understanding of the buying procedures of the customers. Moreover, the aspect of behavioural segmentation environment can also assist the business organisations to largely identify their potential target markets. The conception of behavioural segmentation generally include certain decisive facets such as adequate application of a specific brand, buying procedures of the customers, effective decision criterion and finally the attitudes along with the preferences of the decision makers (Beide, 2003). In terms of the